Synergistic Configuration of Binary Rhodium Single Atoms in Carbon Nanofibers for High-Performance Alkaline Water Electrolyzer.

Electrochemical alkaline water electrolysis offers significant economic advantages; however, these benefits are hindered by the high kinetic energy barrier of the water dissociation step and the sluggish kinetics of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline media. Herein, the ensemble effect of binary types of Rh single atoms (Rh-N and Rh-O) on TiO-embedded carbon nanofiber (Rh-TiO/CNF) is reported, which serves as potent active sites for high-performance HER in anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE). Density functional theory (DFT) analyses support the experimental observations, highlighting the critical role of binary types of Rh single atoms facilitated by the TiO sites.

Activating the Mn Single Atomic Center for an Efficient Actual Active Site of the Oxygen Reduction Reaction by Spin-State Regulation.

The ligand engineering for single-atom catalysts (SACs) is considered a cutting-edge strategy to tailor their electrocatalytic activity. However, the fundamental reasons underlying the reaction mechanism and the contemplation for which the actual active site for the catalytic reaction depends on the pyrrolic and pyridinic N ligand structure remain to be fully understood. Herein, we first reveal the relationship between the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and the N ligand structure for the manganese (Mn) single atomic site by the precisely regulated pyrrolic and pyridinic N coordination environment.

Structure-Controlled Carbon Hosts for Dendrite-Free Aqueous Zinc Batteries.

The surging demand for environmental-friendly and safe electrochemical energy storage systems has driven the development of aqueous zinc (Zn)-ion batteries (ZIBs). However, metallic Zn anodes suffer from severe dendrite growth and large volume change, resulting in a limited lifetime for aqueous ZIB applications. Here, it is shown that 3D mesoporous carbon (MC) with controlled carbon and defect configurations can function as a highly reversible and dendrite-free Zn host, enabling the stable operation of aqueous ZIBs.

The effect of shoulder muscle succinylcholine injection on the foreleg raising power: Sion's local paralysis.

Objective: We examined the change in foreleg raising power after Sion's local paralysis (SLP) with succinylcholine in the shoulder muscle.

Methods: A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, porcine study was designed and performed at a research institution. Ten male Korean native pigs were randomized into an intervention group (n = 5) and a control group (n = 5).

Colossal Dielectric Perovskites of Calcium Copper Titanate (CaCu Ti O ) with Low-Iridium Dopants Enables Ultrahigh Mass Activity for the Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) under acidic conditions becomes of significant importance for the practical use of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolyzer. In particular, maximizing the mass activity of iridium (Ir) is one of the maiden issues. Herein, the authors discover that the Ir-doped calcium copper titanate (CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂, CCTO) perovskite exhibits ultrahigh mass activity up to 1000 A g for the acidic OER, which is 66 times higher than that of the benchmark catalyst, IrO .

Impact of intravesical administration of tranexamic acid on gross hematuria in the emergency department: A before-and-after study.

Introduction: Local applications of tranexamic acid (TXA) have been effective in treating various hemorrhagic conditions. In patients with gross hematuria, the main treatment in the emergency department (ED) is continuous bladder irrigation (CBI). However, CBI has no pharmacological effects except blood clot removal from dilution.

Disordered development of gut microbiome interferes with the establishment of the gut ecosystem during early childhood with atopic dermatitis.

The gut microbiome influences the development of allergic diseases during early childhood. However, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of microbiome-host crosstalk. Here, we analyzed the influence of gut microbiome dynamics in early childhood on atopic dermatitis (AD) and the potential interactions between host and microbiome that control this homeostasis.

A 3D Hierarchical Host with Enhanced Sodiophilicity Enabling Anode-Free Sodium-Metal Batteries.

Sodium-metal batteries (SMBs) are considered as a compliment to lithium-metal batteries for next-generation high-energy batteries because of their low cost and the abundance of sodium (Na). Herein, a 3D nanostructured porous carbon particle containing carbon-shell-coated Fe nanoparticles (PC-CFe) is employed as a highly reversible Na-metal host. PC-CFe has a unique 3D hierarchy based on sub-micrometer-sized carbon particles, ordered open channels, and evenly distributed carbon-coated Fe nanoparticles (CFe) on the surface.

Comparison of body water status and its distribution in patients with non-septic infection, patients with sepsis, and healthy controls.

Objective: Although fluid resuscitation is the cornerstone of treatment for sepsis, the role of body water status in sepsis is poorly understood. This study aimed to understand how body water and its distribution are modified in patients with sepsis and those with non-septic infection compared to healthy individuals.

Methods: Two groups of adults presumed to have non-septic infection (n=87) and sepsis (n=54) were enrolled in this prospective study in a single emergency department, and they were compared to sex-, age-, and height-matched (1:3 ratio) healthy controls (n=11,190) from retrospective data in a health promotion center.

Ruminococcus gnavus ameliorates atopic dermatitis by enhancing Treg cell and metabolites in BALB/c mice.

Background: Ruminococcus gnavus (R. gnavus) are mucin-degrading gut bacteria that play a key role in the early colonization of the gut by serving as endogenous sources of nutrients. They can also influence immune development.

In Staphylococcus aureus, the Particulate State of the Cell Envelope Is Required for the Efficient Induction of Host Defense Responses.

Upon microbial infection, host immune cells recognize bacterial cell envelope components through cognate receptors. Although bacterial cell envelope components function as innate immune molecules, the role of the physical state of the bacterial cell envelope (i.e.

The change in age distribution of CAP population in Korea with an estimation of clinical implications of increasing age threshold of current CURB65 and CRB65 scoring system.

Background: CURB65 and CRB65 score are simple and popular methods to estimate the mortality in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Although there has been a global increase in life expectancy and population ageing, we are still using the same age threshold derived from patients in late 1990s to calculate the scores. We sought to assess the implication of using higher age threshold using Korean population data and a single center hospital records.

Erjingwan Extracts Exert Antiaging Effects of Skin through Activating Nrf2 and Inhibiting NF-κB.

In oriental medicine, mixtures of medical plants are always used as prescriptions for diseases. Natural products extracted from herbs have great potential antiaging effects. Previous studies and clinical trials have shown several critical functions of Erjingwan (EJW), such as nourishing Yin, kidney tonifying and aging-resistance.

Multiscale Modeling of Agglomerated Ceria Nanoparticles: Interface Stability and Oxygen Vacancy Formation.

The interface formation and its effect on redox processes in agglomerated ceria nanoparticles (NPs) have been investigated using a multiscale simulation approach with standard density functional theory (DFT), the self-consistent-charge density functional tight binding (SCC-DFTB) method, and a DFT-parameterized reactive force-field (ReaxFF). In particular, we have modeled CeO NP pairs, using SCC-DFTB and DFT, and longer chains and networks formed by CeO or CeO NPs, using ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulations. We find that the most stable {111}/{111} interface structure is coherent whereas the stable {100}/{100} structures can be either coherent or incoherent.

Delamination-Free Multifunctional Separator for Long-Term Stability of Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) that satisfy the requirements for an electric vehicle energy source should demonstrate high reliability and safety for long-term high-energy-density operation. This inevitably calls for a novel approach to advance major components such as the separator. Herein, a separator is designed and fabricated via application of multilayer functional coating on both sides of a polyethylene separator.

Effect of Electrical Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Cerebral Blood Flow and Neurological Outcome in Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest Model of Rats.

Background: Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) during post-resuscitation may increase recovery of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and reduce neurological injury.

Objective: This study was designed to investigate the effect of electrical VNS on neurological outcomes following cardiac arrest (CA).

Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 48) were subjected to the asphyxial CA model and blindly allocated to the VN isolation (CA + VN isolation) or VNS group (CA + VNS group).

Automated Vision-Based Detection of Cracks on Concrete Surfaces Using a Deep Learning Technique.

At present, a number of computer vision-based crack detection techniques have been developed to efficiently inspect and manage a large number of structures. However, these techniques have not replaced visual inspection, as they have been developed under near-ideal conditions and not in an on-site environment. This article proposes an automated detection technique for crack morphology on concrete surface under an on-site environment based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs).

Prognostic value of pneumococcal urinary antigen test in community-acquired pneumonia.

Background: The pneumococcal urinary antigen test (UAT) has been known to improve sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia. Associations of UAT results with prognosis in community acquired pneumonia (CAP) are not known. We hypothesized that positive UAT is associated with a good prognosis, and incorporation of UAT into CRB65 would improve its prognostic performance.

Real-time Humidity Sensor Based on Microwave Resonator Coupled with PEDOT:PSS Conducting Polymer Film.

A real-time humidity sensor based on a microwave resonator coupled with a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) conducting polymer (CP) film is proposed in this paper. The resonator is patterned on a printed circuit board and is excited by electromagnetic field coupling. To enhance the sensitivity of the sensor, the CP film is located in the area with the strongest electric field in the resonator.