Effect of aerobic exercise and particulate matter exposure duration on the diversity of gut microbiota.

Inhalation of ambient particulate matter (PM) can disrupt the gut microbiome, while exercise independently influences the gut microbiome by promoting beneficial bacteria. In this study, we analyzed changes in gut microbial diversity and composition in response to combined interventions of PM exposure and aerobic exercise, extending up to 12 weeks. This investigation was conducted using mice, categorized into five groups: control group (Con), exercise group (EXE), exercise group followed by 3-day exposure to PM (EXE + 3-day PM), particulate matter exposure (PM), and PM exposure with concurrent treadmill exercise (PME).

Temporal variations in the gut microbial diversity in response to high-fat diet and exercise.

High-fat diet-induced obesity is a pandemic caused by an inactive lifestyle and increased consumption of Western diets and is a major risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In contrast, exercise can positively influence gut microbial diversity and is linked to a decreased inflammatory state. To understand the gut microbial variations associated with exercise and high-fat diet over time, we conducted a longitudinal study to examine the effect of covariates on gut microbial diversity and composition.

Effects of Particulate Matter Inhalation during Exercise on Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Function in Mouse Skeletal Muscle.

Particulate matter (PM) has deleterious consequences not only on the respiratory system but also on essential human organs, such as the heart, blood vessels, kidneys, and liver. However, the effects of PM inhalation on skeletal muscles have yet to be sufficiently elucidated. Female C57BL/6 or mt-Keima transgenic mice were randomly assigned to one of the following four groups: control (CON), PM exposure alone (PM), treadmill exercise (EX), or PM exposure and exercise (PME).

Proteomic analysis of the effect of high-fat-diet and voluntary physical activity on mouse liver.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NALFD), characterized by an abnormal accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes, is closely linked to insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and changes in lipogenesis in the liver. The accumulation of hepatic lipids can lead to a range of pathologies from mild steatosis to severe cirrhosis. Endurance exercise is known to ameliorate the adverse health effects of NAFLD.

Diet Is a Stronger Covariate than Exercise in Determining Gut Microbial Richness and Diversity.

Obesity is a common metabolic disorder caused by a sedentary lifestyle, and a high-fat and a high-glucose diet in the form of fast foods. High-fat diet-induced obesity is a major cause of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, whereas exercise and physical activity can ameliorate these disorders. Moreover, exercise and the gut microbiota are known to be interconnected, since exercise can increase the gut microbial diversity and contribute to the beneficial health effects.

Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response During Particulate Matter Exposure in Mouse Lungs.

Regular exercise provides several health benefits that can improve the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems, but clear evidence on the effect of exercise-induced hyperventilation in particulate matter (PM) exposure is still lacking. This study aimed to investigate the effects of exercise in PM exposure on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, inflammatory response, and mitochondrial integrity in human lung epithelial cells (A549), as well as in mouse lung tissue. In experiments, PM treatment was shown to significantly increased ROS production, and reduced cell viability and mitochondrial function in A549 cells.

Resistance training inhibits the elevation of skeletal muscle derived-BDNF level concomitant with improvement of muscle strength in zucker diabetic rat.

Purpose: In the present study, we investigated the effects of 8 weeks of progressive resistance training on the level of skeletal muscle derived BDNF as well as glucose intolerance in Zucker diabetic rats.

Methods: Six week-old male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) and Zucker lean control (ZLC) rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sedentary ZLC (ZLC-Con), sedentary ZDF (ZDF-Con), and exercised ZDF (ZDF-Ex). Progressive resistance training using a ladder and tail weights was performed for 8 weeks (3 days/week).

The Preventive Effects of 8 Weeks of Resistance Training on Glucose Tolerance and Muscle Fiber Type Composition in Zucker Rats.

Background: We investigated the therapeutic effects of resistance training on Zucker rats before and after the onset of diabetes to understand the importance of the timing of exercise intervention. We assessed whether 8 weeks of resistance training ameliorated impaired glucose tolerance and altered muscle fiber type composition in Zucker rats.

Methods: Five-week-old male Zucker rats were divided into Zucker lean control (ZLC-Con), non-exercised Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF-Con), and exercised Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF-Ex) groups.

Resistance exercise training increases the expression of irisin concomitant with improvement of muscle function in aging mice and humans.

We investigated the effect of resistance training on irisin expression with improvement in muscle strength and function in aged mice and human. In the mice study, 19 months old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into two groups; control group and resistance exercise group. Ladder climbing exercise with tail weight was performed 3 days per week for 12 weeks.

Increase of circulating BDNF levels and its relation to improvement of physical fitness following 12 weeks of combined exercise in chronic patients with schizophrenia: a pilot study.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), the most abundant of neurotrophins in the brain, is known to be responsible for maintenance of neurons has been implicated in the pathology of schizophrenia. In the present pilot study, we investigated the effect of a combined exercise program on circulating BDNF expression and the relationship between BDNF and improvements in physical fitness. Twenty-four patients with schizophrenia participated in the exercise intervention, three nonconsecutive days per week for 12 weeks.

Exercise-induced myokines in health and metabolic diseases.

Skeletal muscle has been emerging as a research field since the past 2 decades. Contraction of a muscle, which acts as a secretory organ, stimulates production, secretion, and expression of cytokines or other muscle fiber-derived peptides, i.e.

Effect of treadmill exercise on interleukin-15 expression and glucose tolerance in zucker diabetic Fatty rats.

Background: Interleukin-15 (IL-15), a well-known myokine, is highly expressed in skeletal muscle and is involved in muscle-fat crosstalk. Recently, a role of skeletal muscle-derived IL-15 in the improvement of glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity has been proposed. However, little is known regarding the influence of endurance training on IL-15 expression in type 2 diabetic skeletal muscles.