Effects of a 12-week digital training equipment program on cognitive function and mental health in older women: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Combined interventions of physical activity and cognitive training have been shown to effectively enhance physical and mental factors in older adults. Digital-based tools offer various social advantages and may be more effective in improving the physical and mental well-being of older adults. As digital health content can simultaneously provide physical activity and cognitive training, this study aims to investigate the effects of a digital-based physical and cognitive training program on the physical and mental health of older women and to explore the potential of digital tools for older adults.

Development of Physical Activity Competence Test Battery and Evaluation Standards for Korean Children.

The purpose of this study is to develop a comprehensive and systematic method and standard for evaluating children's physical activity competency as a solution to the problem of increasing child obesity rates due to a decrease in physical activity among children. This study was used a cross-sectional study design. A literature review and Delphi survey were conducted to develop children's physical activity competency evaluation.

Setting Criterion for Adolescent Circuit Exercise Program.

The purpose of this study was to develop criteria for an adolescent circuit exercise program. The subjects of this study were 5268 middle- and high-school students. It consisted of three types of circuit exercise programs which were conducted in the physical education class.

Comparison of Male Adolescents' Physical Fitness Using Physical Activity Promotion System and Circuit Exercise Program.

The purpose of this study is to compare the physical fitness level of adolescents through a physical fitness assessment and a circuit exercise program. A total of 142 middle school students participated. Physical education class consists of a physical fitness assessment, namely, physical activity promotion system (PAPS), and a circuit exercise program.

Augmented Hemodynamic Responses in Obese Young Men during Dynamic Exercise: Role of the Muscle Metaboreflex.

Studies found that cardiovascular responses to exercise are enhanced in individuals with obesity and are associated with a greater cardiac output (CO) response compared to normal weight controls. However, the mechanisms underlying these altered responses during dynamic exercise are not clear. We investigated whether the cardiovascular responses mediated by the muscle metaboreflex (MMR) activation are augmented in obese men during both static and dynamic exercise.

Slowly released molasses barrier system for controlling nitrate plumes in groundwater: a pilot-scale tank study.

A well-type barrier system containing solidified molasses as a reactive medium was developed to promote the indigenous denitrifying activity and to treat nitrate plumes in groundwater. Three slowly released molasses (SRM) barrier systems harboring 60, 120, and 120 SRM rods, which were named System A, B, and C, respectively, were operated to examine nitrate removal efficiency in a pilot-scale sandy tank. These SRM systems induced a consistent removal of nitrate without pore clogging and hydraulic disturbance during the test period.

A long-term survival case of a primary malignant intracerebral nerve sheath tumor.

We report a long-term survival case of a primary malignant intracerebral nerve sheath tumor (MINST) occurring in the right frontal lobe of a 13-year old boy. After the gross total resection (GTR), we have performed radiation therapy but it recurred 50 months after the surgery, so the second GTR was performed. Later, second tumor recurrence was found 4 months after the second surgery.

Pushing extended p-quinodimethanes to the limit: stable tetracyano-oligo(N-annulated perylene)quinodimethanes with tunable ground states.

p-Quinodimethane (p-QDM) is a fundamental building block for the design of π-conjugated systems with low band gap and open-shell biradical character. However, synthesis of extended p-QDMs has usually suffered from their intrinsic high reactivity and poor solubility. In this work, benzannulation together with terminal cyano-substitution was demonstrated to be an efficient approach for the synthesis of a series of soluble and stable tetracyano-oligo(N-annulated perylene)quinodimethanes nPer-CN (n = 1-6), with the longest molecule having 12 para-linked benzenoid rings! The geometry and electronic structures of these oligomers were investigated by steady-state and transient absorption spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, electron spin resonance, superconducting quantum interference device, and FT Raman spectroscopy assisted by density functional theory calculations.

Protonation-coupled redox reactions in planar antiaromatic meso-pentafluorophenyl-substituted o-phenylene-bridged annulated rosarins.

Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) processes are among the most important phenomena that control a variety of chemical and biological transformations. Although extensively studied in a variety of natural systems and discrete metal complexes, PCET mechanisms are less well codified in the case of purely organic compounds. Here we report that a planar β,β'-phenylene-bridged hexaphyrin (1.

A Möbius antiaromatic complex as a kinetically controlled product in phosphorus insertion to a [32]heptaphyrin.

Singly twisted Möbius antiaromatic [34]heptaphyrin A and doubly twisted Hückel aromatic [34]heptaphyrin B were formed by a phosphorus insertion reaction. A rearranges thermally to give the more stable B with P=O migration from NNN to NNC, and thus A is a rare case of a kinetically controlled Möbius antiaromatic molecule.

Antiaromatic hexaphyrins and octaphyrins stabilized by the hydrogen-bonding interactions of meso-imidazolyl groups.

Stable antiaromatic expanded porphyrins were designed by the judicious implementation of meso-imidazolyl groups, which cause stabilization through the creation of a hydrogen-bonding network that overcomes antiaromatic electronic destabilization. Both the [28]hexaphyrin 1 and the [36]octaphyrin 2, which contain imidazolyl groups at two opposite meso positions, are shown to be stable Hückel antiaromatic species.

Functionalization of hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes: investigation of the substituent effects on a superbenzene.

We have demonstrated that the iridium-catalyzed direct borylation of hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) enables regioselective introduction of boryl groups to the para-, ortho-, and meta-substituted HBCs in high yields. The boryl groups have been transformed into various functionalities such as hydroxy, cyano, ethynyl, and amino groups. We have elucidated that the substituents significantly influence the photophysical properties of HBCs to enhance fluorescence quantum yields.

Deprotonation-induced aromaticity enhancement and new conjugated networks in meso-Hexakis(pentafluorophenyl)[26]hexaphyrin.

meso-Hexakis(pentafluorophenyl)-substituted neutral hexaphyrin with a 26π-electronic circuit can be regarded as a real homolog of porphyrin with an 18π-electronic circuit with respect to a quite flat molecular structure and strong aromaticity. We have investigated additional aromaticity enhancement of meso-hexakis(pentafluorophenyl)[26]hexaphyrin(1.1.

Photophysical analysis of 1,10-phenanthroline-embedded porphyrin analogues and their magnesium(II) complexes.

The synthesis, characterization, photophysical properties, and theoretical analysis of a series of tetraaza porphyrin analogues (H-Pn: n=1-4) containing a dipyrrin subunit and an embedded 1,10-phenanthroline subunit are described. The meso-phenyl-substituted derivative (H-P1) interacts with a Mg(2+) salt (e.g.

Synthesis of thieno-bridged porphyrins: changing the antiaromatic contribution by the direction of the thiophene ring.

Two types of thieno-bridged porphyrins were synthesized by incorporating a thiophene group across their meso and β positions with different directions of the thiophene ring to investigate the aromaticity of these porphyrins with extended π-systems. The 2,3-thieno-bridged porphyrin showed a larger antiaromatic contribution than did the 3,4-thieno-bridged porphyrin. In the former, the antiaromatic contribution is based on a 20-π-electron conjugated circuit.

Kinetically blocked stable heptazethrene and octazethrene: closed-shell or open-shell in the ground state?

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with an open-shell singlet biradical ground state are of fundamental interest and have potential applications in materials science. However, the inherent high reactivity makes their synthesis and characterization very challenging. In this work, a convenient synthetic route was developed to synthesize two kinetically blocked heptazethrene (HZ-TIPS) and octazethrene (OZ-TIPS) compounds with good stability.

Stable tetrabenzo-Chichibabin's hydrocarbons: tunable ground state and unusual transition between their closed-shell and open-shell resonance forms.

Stable open-shell polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of fundamental interest due to their unique electronic, optical, and magnetic properties and promising applications in materials sciences. Chichibabin's hydrocarbon as a classical open-shell PAH has been investigated for a long time. However, most of the studies are complicated by their inherent high reactivity.

Hexaphyrin fused to two anthracenes.

Gold standard: A bis(Au(III)) complex containing the title compound was prepared and characterized (see scheme; DDQ=2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone, Tf=trifluoromethanesulfonyl). Owing to the effective conjugative network over the flat and elongated rectangular molecular frame, this complex displays a remarkably red-shifted and sharp Q-band-like band at 1467 nm, multiple reversible redox potentials, and a large TPA cross-section value.

Tetrakis(4-tert-butylphenyl) substituted and fused quinoidal porphyrins.

4-tert-Butylphenyl-substituted and fused quinoidal porphyrins 1 and 2 are prepared for the first time. They show (1) intense one-photon absorption in the far-red/near-infrared region, (2) enhanced two-photon absorption compared with aromatic porphyrin monomers, and (3) amphoteric redox behavior. Their geometry and electronic structure are studied by DFT calculations.

A non-fused mono-meso-free pentaphyrin and its rhodium(I) complex.

5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl) [22]pentaphyrin(1.1.1.

An electron-deficient porphyrin tape.

Hexakis(pentafluorophenyl)-substituted meso-meso-linked Zn(II)-diporphyrin (9), which was prepared by the acid-catalyzed cross-condensation of 1,1,2,2-tetrapyrroethane (5) with dipyrromethane dicarbinol (6), was converted into meso-meso,β-β,β-β triply linked Zn(II)-diporphyrin 3 by oxidation with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone (DDQ) and Sc(OTf)(3). Beside the red-shifted absorption spectrum and split first oxidation potential that are common to the triply-linked Zn(II)-diporphyrins, diporphyrin 3 exhibited considerably improved chemical stability owing to a lowered HOMO and good solubility in common organic solvents. The two-photon absorption (TPA) cross-section and S(1)-state lifetime of compound 3 were 1700 GM and 3.

Electrochemical synthesis of a thiophene-containing cyclo[9]pyrrole.

A new member of the cyclo[n]pyrrole class of expanded porphyrins could be prepared from the corresponding thiophene-containing terpyrrole precursor through use of a mild electrochemical oxidative procedure. The isolated macrocycle, featuring nine heterocyclic subunits directly connected through their α,α'-positions, is the largest cyclo[n]pyrrole derivative reported to date (see figure).

Synthesis and properties of hybrid porphyrin tapes.

Hybrid porphyrin tapes 3 and 4, consisting of a mixture of 3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl-substituted donor-type Zn(II)-porphyrins and pentafluorophenyl-substituted acceptor-type Zn(II)-porphyrins, were prepared by a synthetic route involving cross-condensation reaction of a Ni(II)-porphyrinyldipyrromethane and pentafluorophenyldipyrromethane with pentafluorobenzaldehyde followed by appropriate demetalation, remetalation, and oxidative ring-closure reaction. The Ni(II)-substituted porphyrin tapes 5 (Ni-Zn-Ni) and 6 (Ni-H(2)-Ni) were also prepared through similar routes. The hybrid porphyrin tapes 3 and 4 are more soluble and more stable than normal porphyrin tapes 1 and 2 consisting of only donor-type Zn(II)-porphyrins.

π-Extension in expanded porphyrins: cyclo[4]naphthobipyrrole.

The π-extended cyclo[4]naphthobipyrrole 1a has been prepared via an Fe(III)-mediated oxidative cyclization of an alkyl-substituted naphthobipyrrole. The structure of this new expanded porphyrin, isolated as the deprotonated sulfate salt, was characterized by spectroscopic means, as well through a single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Salt 1a displays a total of four well-resolved redox waves as determined by cyclic voltammetry.

Neutral radical and singlet biradical forms of meso-free, -keto, and -diketo hexaphyrins(1.1.1.1.1.1): effects on aromaticity and photophysical properties.

We have investigated the electronic structures and photophysical properties of 5,10,20,25-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)-substituted hexaphyrin(1.1.1.