Isoegomaketone exhibits potential as a new inhibitor.

Although the incidence of infection has recently increased significantly, treatment is difficult because this bacterium is resistant to most anti-tuberculosis drugs. In particular, is often resistant to available macrolide antibiotics, so therapeutic options are extremely limited. Hence, there is a pressing demand to create effective drugs or therapeutic regimens for infections.

Diesel exhaust particle exposure accelerates oxidative DNA damage and cytotoxicity in normal human bronchial epithelial cells through PD-L1.

Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) are a major cause of cancer progression as well as a variety of acute and chronic diseases. It is well-known that programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an immune checkpoint molecule that can induce immune escape in tumor cells. However, the function of PD-L1 in bronchial epithelial cells or how PD-L1 relates to cellular oxidation under DEPs-mediated oxidative stress is not well known.

Aconitate Decarboxylase 1 Deficiency Exacerbates Mouse Colitis Induced by Dextran Sodium Sulfate.

Ulcerative colitis is a complex inflammatory bowel disorder disease that can induce rectal and colonic dysfunction. Although the prevalence of IBD in Western countries is almost 0.5% of the general population, genetic causes are still not fully understood.

Comparison of Macrophage Immune Responses and Metabolic Reprogramming in Smooth and Rough Variant Infections of .

(), a rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM), can infect humans (posttraumatic wound infections and catheter-related sepsis). Similar to other NTM species, exhibits colony morphologies of rough (-R) and smooth (-S) types. Although there are several case reports on infection, no experimental evidence supports that the R-type is more virulent.

Verbascoside-Rich Nakai Leaf Extracts Prevent LPS-Induced Preterm Birth Through Inhibiting the Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokines from Macrophages and the Cell Death of Trophoblasts Induced by TNF-α.

: Preterm birth is a known leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. The underlying causes of pregnancy-associated complications are numerous, but infection and inflammation are the essential high-risk factors. However, there are no safe and effective preventive drugs that can be applied to pregnant women.

Natural course and outcomes of spontaneous isolated celiac artery dissection according to morphological findings on computed tomography angiography: STROBE compliant article.

We aimed to identify natural course and optimal management of spontaneous isolated celiac artery dissection (SICAD) according to morphologic classification determined on computed tomography angiography (CTA), and to investigate the association between symptoms and morphological classification of SICAD.This retrospective observational study included 21 consecutive patients with SICAD from January 2012 to April 2017. Demographic data, clinical features, treatment modalities, follow-up results, and CTA findings including morphologic classification, dissection length, and relative diameter of the true lumen (TLRD) were reviewed.

Hippo effector YAP directly regulates the expression of PD-L1 transcripts in EGFR-TKI-resistant lung adenocarcinoma.

Developments of EGFR-TKI and immunotherapy targeting the PD1/PD-L1 pathway are considered most important medical breakthroughs in lung cancer treatment. Nowadays, 3rd generation EGFR TKI is widely used for T790M positive 1st and 2nd EGFR-TKI resistant lung cancer patients. Immunotherapy is powerful option for lung cancer patients without drug targets and chemotherapy resistant patients.

Enhancement of the Hydrogen-Storage Properties of MgH2 by the Addition of Ni, NaAlH4, Ti, and CNT via Reactive Mechanical Grinding.

MgH2 was used as the starting material in this study. A sample with the composition of 84 wt% MgH2 + 10 wt% Ni + 2 wt% NaAlH4 + 2 wt% Ti + 2 wt% CNT (named MgH2-10Ni-2NaAIH4-2Ti-2CNT) was prepared by the reactive mechanical grinding. Hydriding and dehydriding property measurements, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses, and microstructural observations were then performed.

Anti-inflammatory effect of gamma-irradiated genistein through inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathway in lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophages.

Genistein was irradiated with γ-irradiation at doses of 0, 10, 30, 50, 100, and 150 kGy. We observed that the decrease in the genistein peak after gamma irradiation was concomitant with the appearance of several new peaks. 150 kGy gamma-irradiated genistein did not exert cytotoxicity in macrophages, and inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase-mediated nitric oxide production and pro-inflammatory cytokines level, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages.

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate-mediated Tollip induction through the 67-kDa laminin receptor negatively regulating TLR4 signaling in endothelial cells.

Background: Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has the potential to impact a variety of inflammation-related diseases; however, the anti-inflammatory action of EGCG in endothelial cells has not been understood. Recently, we demonstrated that the 67-kDa laminin receptor (67LR) acts as a cell-surface EGCG receptor.

Aim: This research was carried out to clarify the molecular basis for the down-regulation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signal transduction by EGCG in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated endothelial cells.

Disseminated infection due to Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium in an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus).

A disseminated infection caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies avium (MAA) was diagnosed in a 57-yr-old male Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) housed at the Seoul Zoo, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea. An apparent granulomatous inflammation with central caseous necrosis was evident in the lung sections. To confirm mycobacterial infection, polymerase chain reaction-restriction enzyme polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP) of the rpoB and hsp65 genes was performed from multiple organs and cultured bacteria.

Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism of the rpoB gene for identification of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and differentiation of Mycobacterium avium subspecies.

Mycobacterial speciation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PRA) of the rpoB gene was evaluated for identification of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) and other Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) members to the species or subspecies level by comparison with conventional methods including hsp65 sequencing, high-performance liquid chromatography, and PCR for accepted species- or subspecies-specific genomic targets. A total of 185 type and clinical mycobacterial strains from humans, animals, and environments were tested.

Efficient differentiation of Mycobacterium avium complex species and subspecies by use of five-target multiplex PCR.

Infections caused by the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) are on the rise in both human and veterinary medicine. A means of effectively discriminating among closely related yet pathogenetically diverse members of the MAC would enable better diagnosis and treatment as well as further our understanding of the epidemiology of these pathogens. In this study, a five-target multiplex PCR designed to discriminate MAC organisms isolated from liquid culture media was developed.

Differentially expressed genes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv under mild acidic and hypoxic conditions.

The survival mechanism of dormant tubercle bacilli is unknown; however, accumulating evidence indicates that Mycobacterium tuberculosis can survive and persist in hypoxic and mildly acidic microenvironments. Such conditions are found in the acidic vacuoles of macrophages, which M. tuberculosis is known to target.

Improved sensitivity of diagnosis of tuberculosis in patients in Korea via a cocktail enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay containing the abundantly expressed antigens of the K strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent in Korea. In this study, we compared the proteins present in culture filtrates from Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain K, which is the dominant clinical isolate in Korea, with those present in culture filtrates from M. tuberculosis H37Rv.

A multiresidue method for the determination of 109 pesticides in rice using the Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) sample preparation method and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with temperature control and vacuum concentration.

A rapid, specific and sensitive multiresidue method based on the Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) sample preparation method and gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection by selected ion monitoring (GC/MS-SIM) has been developed for the routine analysis of 109 pesticides in rice. The method uses one quantification ion and two identification ions. Temperature control during sample preparation helps improve the recovery of thermally labile pesticides such as captan.

Structure, magnetic and ion-exchange properties of self-assembled triaza-copper(II)-oxalate hybrides having nanoscale one-dimensional channel.

The X-ray structure, porous and magnetic property of a self-assembled network 1 is described in detail. The single crystal X-ray analysis provides 1 as a three-dimensional network, which contains two-dimensional permanent ring forming nanoscale one-dimensional channels. The inter-replacement of perchlorate and hexafluorophosphate anions in solid 1 proves its porous structure.