Role of Madden-Julian Oscillation in predicting the 2020 East Asian summer precipitation in subseasonal-to-seasonal models.

The 2020 summer monsoon season in East Asia was unusually long and intense, and the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) has been proposed as an underlying reason. This study analyzes the role of the MJO in the 2020 East Asian precipitation forecasts of the subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) model. The S2S models underestimated the cumulative precipitation over East Asia, and the models with good forecast performance yielded a distinct precipitation band over East Asia and a western pacific subtropical high (WPSH) during the analysis period.

Understanding elevated CO concentrations in East Asia relative to the global mean during boreal spring on the slow and interannual timescales.

It is important to examine the physical processes that regulate current CO concentrations in East Asia to understand the global carbon cycle. To do this, we begin by defining the difference between East Asian and global CO concentrations (East Asian CO concentration minus global CO concentration), which is referred to as East Asian local CO concentration (i.e.

Three distinct atmospheric circulation patterns associated with high temperature extremes in South Korea.

The negative impact of extreme high-temperature days (EHDs) on people's livelihood has increased over the past decades. Therefore, an improved understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of EHDs is imperative to mitigate this impact. Herein, we classify the large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns associated with EHDs that occurred in South Korea from 1982 to 2018 using a self-organizing map (SOM) and investigate the dynamic mechanism for each cluster pattern through composite analysis.

Antibacterial Activity of Propolis-Embedded Zeolite Nanocomposites for Implant Application.

This study investigates the potential of propolis-embedded zeolite nanocomposites for dental implant application. Propolis-embedded zeolite nanocomposites were fabricated by complexation of propolis and zeolites. Then, they were pelleted with Poly(L-lactide) (PLA)/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) polymer for the fabrication of a dental implant.

Assessment of Inhibition of Biofilm Formation on TiO₂ Nanotubes According to Non-Thermal Plasma Treatment Conditions and the Elapsed Time in the Atmosphere.

Periimplantitis is an inflammation similar to periodontitis, and is caused by biofilms formed on the surface of dental implants. Application of plasma on biomaterials has been reported to decrease the initial adhesion of microorganism by causing chemical changes without changing the surface morphology. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of inhibition of biofilm formation on the elapsed time after plasma treatment.

Effect of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment on Shear Bond Strength Between Zirconia and Dental Porcelain Veneer.

Various surface treatments on zirconia have been reported for dental porcelain veneer. However, it has not been determined which of these treatments provide the highest bond strength. The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of airborne particle abrasion and atmospheric pressure plasma treatment on the shear bond strength between zirconia and dental porcelain veneer.

Effect on Cell Viability with the Passage of Time After Atmospheric Plasma Treatment on Titanium Dioxide Surface.

Various attempts to modify the surface of dental implants have been made in order to improve the adhesion of osteocytes. Plasma treatment on dental implants has been suggested to improve osseointegration. This study examined the effect on cell viability with the passage of time after atmospheric plasma treatment.

Wear Behavior of the Human Enamel Antagonist to Different Glazed Zirconia.

In this study, the wear behavior of glazed zirconia was investigated to the antagonist with human enamel after simulated mastication. Twenty Y-TZP specimens were divided into 4 groups: untreated zirconia (Z), glazed zirconia with IPS e.max Ceram (GZE), glazed zirconia with VITA AKZENT® Plus (GZV), and glazed zirconia with glass (GZG).

Antibacterial Activity and Fibroblast Cell Viability of Zirconia Coated with Glass Ceramic Containing Ag and NaF Nanoparticles.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity against and fibroblast viability of zirconia coated with glass ceramic powder containing Ag and F nanoparticles. Specimens were divided into eight groups depending on the glass ceramic powders: 5, 10, 15, 20 wt% of NaF and Ag, respectively. Adhesion of on glass-coated zirconia surface was evaluated by antimicrobial test.

Seasonal changes in surface ozone over South Korea.

Recently, the surface ozone concentration in the Korean peninsula has been increasing more rapidly than in the past, and seasonal changes are appearing such as increases in the number of ozone alerts in springtime. We examined changes in the timing of annual maximum South Korean O levels by fitting a sine function to data from 54 air-quality monitoring sites over a 10-year period (2005-2014). The analytical results show that the date of maximum ozone concentration at 23 points in the last 10 years has been advanced by about 2.