Effect of Prostaglandin Analogues on Central Corneal Thickness: 3-Year Follow-up Results.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of each subgroup of prostaglandin analogues (PGAs) on central corneal thickness (CCT) in patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 55 eyes of 55 patients with NTG who were receiving PGA therapy. Patients who were treated with 0.

Change in Central Corneal Thickness After the Discontinuation of Latanoprost in Normal Tension Glaucoma-Change in Central Corneal Thickness After Stop of Latanoprost.

Purpose: To assess the impact of latanoprost on central corneal thickness (CCT) after ceasing medication in patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG).

Methods: A total of 46 eyes from 46 NTG patients, and 44 eyes from 44 individuals with glaucoma suspect (controls), were included in this retrospective study. Newly diagnosed early NTG patients (visual field mean deviation >-6.

Comparison of risk factors for initial central scotoma versus initial peripheral scotoma in normal-tension glaucoma.

Purpose: To investigate the risk factors for initial central scotoma (ICS) compared with initial peripheral scotoma (IPS) in normal-tension glaucoma (NTG).

Methods: Fifty-six NTG patients (56 eyes) with an ICS and 103 NTG patients (103 eyes) with an IPS were included. Retrospectively, the differences were assessed between the two groups for baseline characteristics, ocular factors, systemic factors, and lifestyle factors.

Long-term effect of latanoprost on central corneal thickness in normal-tension glaucoma: five-year follow-up results.

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term effect of latanoprost on central corneal thickness (CCT) in patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG).

Methods: This retrospective study included 41 eyes of 41 NTG patients and 40 eyes of 40 individuals with glaucoma suspect (controls). Newly diagnosed NTG patients with no previous glaucoma treatment were administered latanoprost 0.

Recombinant Erdr1 suppresses the migration and invasion ability of human gastric cancer cells, SNU-216, through the JNK pathway.

Erythroid differentiation regulator 1 (Erdr1) suppressed cell motility in vitro and has anti-metastatic effect in vivo on melanoma. The current study investigated the effect of recombinant Erdr1 on the migration and invasion ability of SNU-216 cell, a gastric cancer cell line. The expression of Erdr1 is inversely correlated with IL-18 expression, which has a pro-cancer effect in gastric cancer.

Effect of latanoprost on central corneal thickness in unilateral normal-tension glaucoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of latanoprost on central corneal thickness (CCT) in patients with unilateral normal-tension glaucoma (NTG).

Methods: A total of 38 patients, with unilateral NTG, who were being treated in our glaucoma clinic and were receiving 0.005% latanoprost monotherapy over 24 months, were included in this study.

Intraocular pressure reduction in normal-tension glaucoma patients in South Korea.

To evaluate the potential benefit of intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction in normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) patients in South Korea. A retrospective, multi-center analysis of Korean NTG patients with 5-years follow-up, typical glaucomatous optic disc and/or visual field changes and no recorded IOP >21 mmHg. Progression was identified by Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study visual field scoring.

Erythroid differentiation regulator 1, an interleukin 18-regulated gene, acts as a metastasis suppressor in melanoma.

Erythroid differentiation regulator (Erdr1) was first discovered in mouse leukemia cell lines and functions as a stress-related survival factor. This study investigated whether Erdr1 regulates murine melanoma progression, as well as the mechanism involved in Erdr1-regulated metastasis. The expression of Erdr1 is negatively correlated with IL-18 expression, which has a pro-cancer effect in melanoma.

Comparison of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness between Stratus and Spectralis OCT.

Purpose: To compare the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness of normal patients and those with various glaucoma diseases by time domain (Stratus) and spectral domain (Spectralis) optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods: The RNFL thickness as measured by the Stratus and Spectral OCT was compared (paired t-test). The relationship and agreement of RNFL thickness between the two OCT modalities were evaluated by Pearson correlation, Bland-Altman plot, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.

Vitamin C down-regulates VEGF production in B16F10 murine melanoma cells via the suppression of p42/44 MAPK activation.

It is known that vitamin C induces apoptosis in several kinds of tumor cells, but its effect on the regulation of the angiogenic process of tumors is not completely studied. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most well-known angiogenic factor, and it has a potent function as a stimulator of endothelial survival, migration, as well as vascular permeability. Therefore, we have investigated whether vitamin C can regulate the angiogenic process through the modulation of VEGF production from B16F10 melanoma cells.

Overexpression of IL-32alpha increases natural killer cell-mediated killing through up-regulation of Fas and UL16-binding protein 2 (ULBP2) expression in human chronic myeloid leukemia cells.

IL-32 was recently identified as a proinflammatory cytokine that is induced by IL-18 in natural killer (NK) cells and is highly correlated with inflammatory disorders. However, the relationship between IL-32 and tumor progression is still unknown. In this study, we investigated whether overexpression of IL-32 affects susceptibility of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells to NK cells.

Inhibition of lytic reactivation of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus by alloferon.

Background: Alloferon, an immunomodulatory peptide, has antiviral capability against herpesvirus. In this research, we aimed to investigate the effect of alloferon on the regulation of the life cycle of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), and its mechanisms. We also assessed the antiviral activity of alloferon on natural killer (NK) cells as an early antiviral immune responder.

Thymosin β4 expression correlates with lymph node metastasis through hypoxia inducible factor-α induction in breast cancer.

Intratumoral hypoxia has been correlated with distant metastatic potential. Two hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs), HIF-1α and HIF-2α, are induced by hypoxia, and high expression of these proteins has been correlated to angiogenesis and distant metastasis. Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) is frequently highly expressed in cancer, and this overexpression correlates with malignant progression.

Long-term effect of latanoprost on central corneal thickness in normal tension glaucoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term effect of latanoprost on central corneal thickness (CCT) in patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG).

Methods: This was a retrospective study and included 166 eyes of 166 patients [128 with NTG and 38 with glaucoma suspect, suspicious discs with normal visual fields, and an intraocular pressure (IOP) ≤21  mmHg as the control group]. Patients with newly diagnosed NTG and who had not had previous topical glaucomatous treatment were followed ≥24 months and received latanoprost 0.

Foxp3 expression in p53-dependent DNA damage responses.

The forkhead transcription factor, Foxp3, is thought to act as a master regulator that controls (suppresses) expression of the breast cancer oncogenes, SKP2 and HER-2/ErbB2. However, the mechanisms that regulate Foxp3 expression and thereby modulate tumor development remain largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that Foxp3 up-regulation requires p53 function, showing that Foxp3 expression is directly regulated by p53 upon DNA damage responses in human breast and colon carcinoma cells.

Interleukin-18 increases metastasis and immune escape of stomach cancer via the downregulation of CD70 and maintenance of CD44.

Cancer cells metastasize to the other site after escaping from the immune system and CD70, CD44 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) play important roles in this process. It is recently reported that interleukin (IL)-18 is closely related with the pathogenesis of skin tumor. Therefore, we investigated the role of endogenous IL-18 from stomach cancer on the immune escape mechanism and metastasis via the regulation of CD70, CD44 and VEGF expression.

Botulinum toxin enhances the implantation effect of adipocytes in C57/BL6 mice.

Background: Recently, many plastic surgeons have been using adipogenic-differentiated cell implantation for remodeling scars in patients. However, this technique is not a long-term solution because implanted cells disappear gradually. Therefore, we investigated a method to increase the grafted cell preservation rate by using an effective adjuvant, botulinum toxin.

Thymosin beta 4 enhances NK cell cytotoxicity mediated by ICAM-1.

Thymosin beta 4 (T beta 4), which is the major G-actin sequestering protein, has been shown to have ubiquitous distribution and multiple biological activities. However, T beta 4's functions in relation to natural killer(NK) cells are still unknown. In this study, we show that synthetic T beta 4 peptide increases NK cell cytotoxicity mediated by intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) through the secretion of cytolytic granules to target cells.

IL-18 enhances ULBP2 expression through the MAPK pathway in leukemia cells.

Expression of UL16-binding proteins (ULBPs) has been reported in various cancers, such as leukemia and melanoma, and also in some other cancer cell lines. However, the factors that modulate the expression of ULBPs are not well defined. In this study, we investigated the effects of IL-18 on the expression of NKG2D ligands in leukemia cells.

Pulsatile ocular blood flow in healthy Koreans.

Purpose: To determine the normal reference range of pulsatile ocular blood flow (POBF) values in healthy Korean subjects and to find out the factors that may affect them.

Methods: A total of 280 eyes of 280 normal subjects were included in this study. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), axial length, POBF, systemic blood pressure, and pulse rate were measured.

Vitamin C suppresses proliferation of the human melanoma cell SK-MEL-2 through the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and the modulation of insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) production.

Vitamin C plays a crucial role in the suppression of proliferation of several types of cancer. Over-expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and type I insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptor are important for proliferation and protection from apoptosis in malignancies. However, its specific mechanisms, especially the interaction between COX-2 expression and IGF-I axis mediated by vitamin C, remain yet to be clarified.