Innovative Therapeutic Delivery of Metastasis-Associated in Colon Cancer 1-Suppressing miRNA Using High Transmembrane 4 L6 Family Member 5-Targeting Exosomes in Colorectal Cancer Mouse Models.

Elevated metastasis-associated in colon cancer 1 (MACC1) expression in colorectal cancer patients, and high transmembrane 4 L6 family member 5 (TM4SF5) protein expressed on various solid tumors' surface, are linked to aggressive cancer behavior and progression. In this study, adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) were engineered to produce exosomes (Ex) that target the TM4SF5 protein on tumors. Moreover, MACC1-targeting microRNA was encapsulated within the Ex, resulting in TM4SF5-targeting Ex (MACC1-suppressing miRNA; miR-143).

Acid sphingomyelinase as a pathological and therapeutic target in neurological disorders: focus on Alzheimer's disease.

Over the past decade, numerous studies have highlighted the importance of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) in disease treatment in humans. This enzyme functions primarily to generate ceramide, maintain the cellular membrane, and regulate cellular function. However, in the blood and brain of patients with neurological disorders, including major depression, ischemic stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease (AD), elevated ASM levels significantly suggest disease onset or progression.

Immunotherapy targeting plasma ASM is protective in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) has been implicated in neurodegenerative disease pathology, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the specific role of plasma ASM in promoting these pathologies is poorly understood. Herein, we explore plasma ASM as a circulating factor that accelerates neuropathological features in AD by exposing young APP/PS1 mice to the blood of mice overexpressing ASM, through parabiotic surgery.

A study of the analgesic efficacy of rectus sheath block in single-port total laparoscopic hysterectomy: a randomized controlled study.

Objective: To investigate the postoperative analgesic effects of rectus sheath block (RSB) in combination with patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) compared with PCA alone after single-port total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH).

Methods: This randomized, single-blind study enrolled female patients that underwent single-port TLH. The patients were randomized to receive either fentanyl PCA (PCA group) or RSB with the same PCA.

Acid sphingomyelinase inhibition improves motor behavioral deficits and neuronal loss in an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse model.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord. Main symptoms are manifested as weakness, muscle loss, and muscle atrophy. Some studies have reported that alterations in sphingolipid metabolism may be intimately related to neurodegenerative diseases, including ALS.

Discovery of a dual-action small molecule that improves neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease mice.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by complex, multifactorial neuropathology, suggesting that small molecules targeting multiple neuropathological factors are likely required to successfully impact clinical progression. Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) activation has been recognized as an important contributor to these neuropathological features in AD, leading to the concept of using ASM inhibitors for the treatment of this disorder. Here we report the identification of KARI 201, a direct ASM inhibitor evaluated for AD treatment.

Anastomotic leakage and chronic presacral sinus after transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) for rectal cancer: A comparative study to laparoscopic TME.

Background: Several studies have shown that there are no significant differences in anastomotic leakage associated with Transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) versus laparoscopic TME (lapTME) for rectal cancer; however, little is known about late anastomotic leakage, such as that primarily found in the chronic presacral sinus. We aimed to compare the occurrence of anastomotic leakage and chronic presacral sinus in rectal cancer for taTME and lapTME.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, data were collected for patients with rectal cancer who underwent surgery between January 2009 and September 2019.

Single-port laparoscopic Deloyers procedure for tension-free anastomosis after extended left colectomy or subtotal colectomy: A 6-patient case series.

Right colon-to-rectal anastomosis is performed in relatively rare conditions, including after subtotal colectomy or extended left hemicolectomy. One technique of tension-free anastomosis is the Deloyers procedure that includes cranio-caudal rotation of the right colon. As with other colon surgeries, the laparoscopic approach has been adapted for the Deloyers procedure.

Transanal Total Proctocolectomy with Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis for Synchronous Triple Colorectal Cancer.

Transanal total mesorectal excision (TME) has been utilized as a minimally invasive surgery for colorectal cancer. Sylla et al. first reported the use of transanal TME and since then, various platforms have been applied for this procedure.

Retrospective study on prevalence of recurrent inguinal hernia: a large-scale multi-institutional study.

Purpose: We conducted a multi-institutional analysis to establish the epidemiological characteristics of recurrent inguinal hernia following hernia repair in patients across 4 institutions in Korea.

Methods: The retrospectively reviewed data included patient characteristics, hernia location, year of primary operation, type of hernia, timing of recurrence, primary operation type, and whether a mesh was used.

Results: Among 4,604 patients who underwent hernia repair surgery, 255 patients (5.

,'-Diacetyl--phenylenediamine restores microglial phagocytosis and improves cognitive defects in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice.

As a central feature of neuroinflammation, microglial dysfunction has been increasingly considered a causative factor of neurodegeneration implicating an intertwined pathology with amyloidogenic proteins. Herein, we report the smallest synthetic molecule (,'-diacetyl--phenylenediamine [DAPPD]), simply composed of a benzene ring with 2 acetamide groups at the position, known to date as a chemical reagent that is able to promote the phagocytic aptitude of microglia and subsequently ameliorate cognitive defects. Based on our mechanistic investigations in vitro and in vivo, 1) the capability of DAPPD to restore microglial phagocytosis is responsible for diminishing the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) species and significantly improving cognitive function in the brains of 2 types of Alzheimer's disease (AD) transgenic mice, and 2) the rectification of microglial function by DAPPD is a result of its ability to suppress the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-associated proteins through its impact on the NF-κB pathway.

Characterization of the Subventricular-Thalamo-Cortical Circuit in the NP-C Mouse Brain, and New Insights Regarding Treatment.

Gliosis in Niemann-Pick type C (NP-C) disease is characterized by marked changes in microglia and astrocytes. However, the gliosis onset and progression in NP-C has not been systematically studied, nor has the mechanism underlying this finding. Here, we found early gliosis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of NP-C mice.

Pure natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery for rectal cancer: Ta-TME and CME without abdominal assistance.

Aim: To report our institution's experiences with pure transanal total mesorectal excision (TME) of rectal cancer using single-port equipment and to discuss the feasibility and safety of the technique.

Methods: Between February and December 2017, 12 patients who were selected underwent NOTES TME in our institution. The preoperative assessment included blood analyses with carcinoembryonic antigen serum concentration, full colonoscopy, pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen and chest.

Abdominal peripheral nerve block as the only anesthetic technique for totally extraperitoneal endoscopic inguinal hernia repair: Two case reports.

Rationale: Laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) inguinal hernia repair is a rapidly evolving, minimally invasive treatment modality for inguinal hernia. Compared with open hernia repair, this method requires a smaller incision, has cosmetic advantages, and facilitates rapid recovery and early return to daily activities because of less postoperative pain. Because general anesthesia is essential for TEP hernia repair, it cannot be performed on patients who have an increased risk of developing complications when placed under general anesthesia.

Fibrin glue versus staple mesh fixation in single-port laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair: A propensity score-matched analysis.

Background: Mesh fixation minimizes the risk of recurrence following laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. Mesh fixation using staples has been implicated as a cause of chronic inguinal pain. We investigated whether fibrin glue mesh fixation reduces acute or chronic postoperative pain in patients undergoing single-port laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair (SP TEP).

Everolimus Plus Ku0063794 Regimen Promotes Anticancer Effects against Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells through the Paradoxical Inhibition of Autophagy.

Purpose: Everolimus only inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), whereas Ku0063794 inhibits both mTORC1 and mTORC2. Although they have similar anticancer effects, their combination has a synergistic effect against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. We aimed to determine the mechanism underlying the synergistic effects of everolimus and Ku0063794 associated with autophagy in HCC cells.

HSP90 inhibitor 17-DMAG exerts anticancer effects against gastric cancer cells principally by altering oxidant-antioxidant balance.

Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) stabilizes numerous oncoproteins and, therefore, its inhibition has emerged as a promising antineoplastic strategy for diverse malignancies. In this study, we determined the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of action of a specific HSP90 inhibitor, 17-dimethylamino-ethylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-DMAG), in gastric cancer cell lines (AGS, SNU-1, and KATO-III), patient-derived tissues, and a mouse xenograft model. 17-DMAG exerted anticancer effects against gastric cancer cells, manifested by significantly decreased proliferation rates ( < 0.

Solo-Surgeon Single-Port Laparoscopic Anterior Resection for Sigmoid Colon Cancer: Comparative Study.

Background: To report our experience with solo-surgeon, single-port laparoscopic anterior resection (solo SPAR) for sigmoid colon cancer.

Materials And Methods: Data from sigmoid colon cancer patients who underwent anterior resections (ARs) using the single-port, solo surgery technique (n = 31) or the conventional single-port laparoscopic technique (n = 45), between January 2011 and July 2016, were retrospectively analyzed. In the solo surgeries, making the transumbilical incision into the peritoneal cavity was facilitated through the use of a self-retaining retractor system.

Determination of optimized oxygen partial pressure to maximize the liver regenerative potential of the secretome obtained from adipose-derived stem cells.

Background: A hypoxic-preconditioned secretome from stem cells reportedly promotes the functional and regenerative capacity of the liver more effectively than a control secretome. However, the optimum oxygen partial pressure (pO) in the cell culture system that maximizes the therapeutic potential of the secretome has not yet been determined.

Methods: We first determined the cellular alterations in adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) cultured under different pO (21%, 10%, 5%, and 1%).

Impact of obesity on the short-term outcomes of single-port laparoscopic colectomy for colorectal cancer in the Asian population: A retrospective cohort study.

Single-port laparoscopic surgery (SPLS) is being increasingly performed for treating colorectal cancer. Here, we aimed to assess the safety and feasibility of SPLS for colorectal cancer in obese patients through a comparison of their short-term outcomes with those of nonobese patients.A total of 323 patients who underwent SPLS for colorectal cancer at our center between March 2009 and August 2014 were enrolled.

Comparative analysis of outcomes after multiport and single-port laparoscopic colectomy in emergency situations: Is single-port laparoscopic colectomy safe and feasible?

Background/objective: Although consensus has been reached on the superiority of laparoscopy for a majority of conditions underlying acute abdominal pain, the safety and feasibility of single-port laparoscopic colectomy (SPLC) in emergency situations have not been determined.

Methods: A prospective electronic database of all emergency patients who underwent either multiport laparoscopic colectomy (MPLC) or SPLC between April 2006 and December 2014 was used to compare the surgical outcomes of these operative methods.

Results: During the study period, 31 MPLCs and 76 SPLCs were performed.

Does Korea's current diagnosis-related group-based reimbursement system appropriately classify appendectomy patients?

Purpose: As several years have passed since the implementation of the Korean diagnosis-related group (DRG) payment system for appendicitis, its early outcomes should be assessed to determine if further improvements are warranted.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed clinical data from Korean patients who underwent appendectomy, dividing the sample into 2 groups of those who received services before and after implementation of the DRG system. Based on the DRG code classification, patient data were collected including the amount of DRG reimbursement and the total in-patient costs.

The feasibility of single-port laparoscopic appendectomy using a solo approach: a comparative study.

Purpose: To investigate the feasibility and safety of solo surgery with single-port laparoscopic appendectomy, which is termed herein solo-SPLA (solo-single-port laparoscopic appendectomy).

Methods: This study prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed data from patients who had undergone either non-solo-SPLA (n = 150) or solo-SPLA (n = 150). Several devices were utilized for complete, skin-to-skin solo-SPSA, including a Lone Star Retractor System and an adjustable mechanical camera holder.

Novel method of laparoendoscopic single-site and natural orifice specimen extraction for live donor nephrectomy: single-port laparoscopic donor nephrectomy and transvaginal graft extraction.

Laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy (DN) has been established as a useful alternative to the traditional open methods of procuring kidneys. To maximize the advantages of the laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) method, we applied natural orifice specimen extraction to LESS-DN. A 46-year-old woman with no previous abdominal surgery history volunteered to donate her left kidney to her husband and underwent single-port laparoscopic DN with transvaginal extraction.