Transpedicular Intravertebral Cage Augmentation Using Expandable Cage in Kummell Disease: Technical Note and Case Series.

Objective: To demonstrate the surgical techniques for transpedicular intravertebral cage augmentation (TPICA) using an expandable cage for Kummell disease, which requires posterior surgical stabilization, and provide the preliminary surgical outcomes.

Methods: Six consecutive patients undergoing TPICA surgery using an expandable cage with a minimum 6-month follow-up were evaluated. Radiographic analysis to evaluate the local kyphosis angle, restoration ratio of anterior vertebral height of the index vertebra, and clinical outcomes including the Oswestry Disability Index, EuroQol 5-dimension instrument, and visual analog scale for back and leg pain, were compared between the preoperative and final follow-ups.

Short chain fatty acids facilitate protective immunity by macrophages and T cells during acute fowl adenovirus-4 infection.

Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are major gut metabolites that are involved in the regulation of dysfunction in immune responses, such as autoimmunity and cytokine storm. Numerous studies have reported a protective action of SCFAs against infectious diseases. This study investigated whether SCFAs have protective effect for immunity during fowl adenovirus-4 (FAdV-4) infection.

Safety and Efficacy Assessment of Red Ginseng Oil (RXGIN) in Men with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of red ginseng oil (RXGIN) in men with lower urinary tract symptoms.

Materials And Methods: Men aged between 40 and 75 years with a total International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) of 8 to 19 points were recruited from April 2020 to December 2020. Subjects were randomly assigned to either the RXGIN group or the control group in a 1:1 ratio and received either RXGIN or placebo daily for 12 weeks.

Optimal dual-energy computed tomography scan parameters to detect small-sized urinary stones and their composition.

To investigate the optimal scanning parameters of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT), which can accurately determine sensitivity (the detectability of urinary stones) and accuracy (the composition matching of urinary stones), and to apply them to clinical trials. Fifteen urinary stones were chemically analyzed, and their chemical compositions were considered a reference standard with which we compared the uric acid (UA) and non-UA compositions determined using DECT. The urinary stones were placed inside a bolus and scanned with a dual-source CT scanner under various selected dual-energy conditions (A to X) using various solid water phantom thicknesses.

ERdj5 protects goblet cells from endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis under inflammatory conditions.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress is closely associated with the onset and progression of inflammatory bowel disease. ERdj5 is an endoplasmic reticulum-resident protein disulfide reductase that mediates the cleavage and degradation of misfolded proteins. Although ERdj5 expression is significantly higher in the colonic tissues of patients with inflammatory bowel disease than in healthy controls, its role in inflammatory bowel disease has not yet been reported.

Acute Toxicity in the Rat Lung Induced by Intratracheal Instillation of Glycolic Acid.

Background/aim: Inhalation toxicity tests of glycolic acid, which is used in many household products, have been reported, but the pulmonary toxicity of glycolic-acid has not been confirmed. Here, the lung damage caused by glycolic acid was investigated in rats.

Materials And Methods: An intratracheal instillation test was performed with glycolic acid in male rats.

Pulmonary toxicity of sodium dichloroisocyanurate after intratracheal instillation in sprague-dawley rats.

In water, sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC), a source for chlorine gas generation, releases free available chlorine in the form of hypochlorous acid, a strong oxidizing agent. NaDCC has been used as a disinfectant in humidifiers; however, its inhalation toxicity is a concern. Seven-week-old rats were exposed to NaDCC doses of 100, 500, and 2500 μg·kg body weight by intratracheal instillation (ITI) to investigate pulmonary toxicity.

Impact of age and metabolic syndrome-like components on prostate cancer development: a nationwide population-based cohort study.

Background: Because of the contradictory results, more epidemiologic data is needed to determine if metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for developing prostate cancer. This study investigated whether metabolic syndrome-like components affect the incidence of prostate cancer in a Korean population.

Methods: Men over 50 years of age who underwent health examinations in 2009 were followed until December 2015 (n=1,917,430) using National Health Insurance System data.

How Much Reliable Is the Current Belief on Grade Group 1 Prostate Cancer?

To evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics of grade group 1 (GG1) prostate cancer in Korean populations. We retrospectively analyzed 492 consecutive radical prostatectomy specimens from our institution, which included those from 322 men with clinical GG1 and 170 with clinical GG2 tumors between years 2009 and 2018. The incidence of Gleason score (GS) upgrading, extraprostatic extension (EPE), and seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) were evaluated in patients with clinical GG1.

Comprehensive pulmonary toxicity assessment of cetylpyridinium chloride using A549 cells and Sprague-Dawley rats.

Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), a quaternary ammonium compound and cationic surfactant, is used in personal hygiene products such as toothpaste, mouthwash, and nasal spray. Although public exposure to CPC is frequent, its pulmonary toxicity has yet to be fully characterized. Due to high risks of CPC inhalation, we aimed to comprehensively elucidate the in vitro and in vivo toxicity of CPC.

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of the Toxic Effects of Dodecylguanidine Hydrochloride.

The toxicity profiles of the widely used guanidine-based chemicals have not been fully elucidated. Herein, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo toxicity of eight guanidine-based chemicals, focusing on inhalation toxicity. Among the eight chemicals, dodecylguanidine hydrochloride (DGH) was found to be the most cytotoxic (IC: 0.

Balanced adhesion and cohesion of chitosan matrices by conjugation and oxidation of catechol for high-performance surgical adhesives.

Catechol-conjugated chitosan (CCs), used as tissue adhesive, wound dressing, and hemostatic materials, has been drawing much more attention. However, most CCs tissue adhesives exhibit poor adhesion strength, and few studies on optimization of cohesion and adhesion strength of CCs derivatives have been conducted. This work focused on the balance between cohesion and adhesion strength of catechol-conjugated chitosan (CCs) derivatives via different mechanisms of chemical and enzymatic conjugation.

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells regulate colitis-associated tumorigenesis by controlling myeloid-derived suppressor cell infiltration.

Toll-like receptor (TLR)3 and TLR7 are important for stimulating plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), which secrete type I interferon. Mice deficient for TLR3 and TLR7 (TLR3TLR7) reportedly exhibit deteriorated colitis because of impaired pDCs. However, the role of pDCs in tumorigenesis-associated inflammation progression has not been studied.

Predicting Insignificant Prostate Cancer: Analysis of the Pathological Outcomes of Candidates for Active Surveillance according to the Pre-International Society of Urological Pathology (Pre-ISUP) 2014 Era the Post-ISUP2014 Era.

Purpose: To analyze the difference in the prediction accuracy with an active surveillance (AS) protocol between two eras (pre-International Society of Urological Pathology [pre-ISUP]-2014 post-ISUP2014).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 118 candidates for AS who underwent radical prostatectomy between 2009 and 2017. We divided our patients into two groups (group 1 [n=57], operation date 2009-2015; group 2 [n=61], operation date 2016-2017).

Association between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and intravesical prostatic protrusion in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Objective: To analyze the association between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Methods: Two hundred and fifty men aged >50 years who presented with lower urinary tract symptoms at our institution between 2014 and 2018 were analyzed. Pearson's method was used for analysis of the correlation between NLR and IPP.

Acute and 28-Day Repeated Inhalation Toxicity Study of Glycolic Acid in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats.

Background/aim: The use of glycolic acid is present in a variety of consumer products, including medicines, cleaners, cosmetics, and paint strippers. It has recently led to concerns about toxicity from inhalation exposure. Herein, the pulmonary toxicity of glycolic acid was investigated in rats.

Clinical Outcomes and Factors Influencing These Outcome Measures Resulting in Success After Arthroscopic Transosseous Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Foveal Repair.

Purpose: To analyze postoperative outcomes after arthroscopic transosseous triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) foveal repair and identify factors affecting the clinical outcomes.

Methods: This study retrospectively enrolled patients who were treated for TFCC foveal tears by arthroscopic transosseous TFCC foveal repair. The diagnosis of TFCC foveal tear was made based on medical history, physical examination, and magnetic resonance imaging, with confirmation via arthroscopic examination.

Inhalation toxicity of benzalkonium chloride and triethylene glycol mixture in rats.

Benzalkonium chloride (BAC), a disinfectant, and triethylene glycol (TEG), an organic solvent/sanitizer, are frequently combined in commercially available household sprays. To assess the respiratory effect of this combination, Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to an aerosol containing BAC (0.5%, w/v) and TEG (10%, w/v) for up to 2 weeks in a whole-body inhalation chamber.

Evaluation of pulmonary toxicity of benzalkonium chloride and triethylene glycol mixtures using in vitro and in vivo systems.

Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is a widely used disinfectant/preservative, and respiratory exposure to this compound has been reported to be highly toxic. Spray-form household products have been known to contain BAC together with triethylene glycol (TEG) in their solutions. The purpose of this study was to estimate the toxicity of BAC and TEG mixtures to pulmonary organs using in vitro and in vivo experiments.

Location and Correlation of Acetabular Labral Tears and Paralabral Cysts Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging or Magnetic Resonance Arthrography in Patients With Femoroacetabular Impingement.

Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence and location of paralabral cysts and the correlation between the type of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and acetabular labral tears, as well as the location of the paralabral cysts.

Methods: Patients who received a diagnosis of FAI syndrome using plain radiography, magnetic resonance imaging or magnetic resonance arthrography, or computed tomographic arthrography from 2010 to 2015 were included in this study. The exclusion criteria were patients with arthritis (Tönnis grade 2 or greater) or dysplasia.

Application of alginate microbeads as a carrier of bone morphogenetic protein-2 for bone regeneration.

Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is commonly used to enhance bone regeneration. The potential of BMP-2 for bone regeneration varies according to the concentration and release kinetics on the implanted site. Therefore, it is important to determine appropriate carriers of BMP-2.

Potentiation of Sodium Metabisulfite Toxicity by Propylene Glycol in Both and Systems.

Many consumer products used in our daily lives result in inhalation exposure to a variety of chemicals, although the toxicities of the active ingredients are not well known; furthermore, simultaneous exposure to chemical mixtures occurs. Sodium metabisulfite (SM) and propylene glycol (PG) are used in a variety of products. Both the cytotoxicity and the sub-acute inhalation toxicity of each chemical and their mixtures were evaluated.

Exogenous recombinant human thioredoxin-1 prevents acetaminophen-induced liver injury by scavenging oxidative stressors, restoring the thioredoxin-1 system and inhibiting receptor interacting protein-3 overexpression.

Thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) is a potent therapeutic agent against a variety of diseases because of its actions as an antioxidant and regulator of apoptosis. N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP), commonly known as acetaminophen, generates excessive oxidative stress and triggers hepatocyte cell death, exemplified by regulated necrosis. In the present study, we investigated whether APAP-induced liver injury in a mouse model is associated with "necroptosis," and if pretreatment with recombinant Trx-1 prevents the hepatic injury caused by APAP overdose.

Suppression of Oxidative Stress of Modified Gongjin-Dan (WSY-1075) in Detrusor Underactivity Rat Model Bladder Outlet Induced by Obstruction.

Objective: To investigate the anti-oxidative stress and preventive effect of modified Gongjin-dan (WSY-1075) in a detrusor underactivity rat model.

Methods: Rats were randomly allocated to three groups: shamoperated (control), bladder outlet obstruction-induced detrusor underactivity (BOO-DU), and BOO-DU with WSY-1075 (WSY) groups. WSY-1075 was orally administrated to rats 200 mg daily for 2 weeks prior to the operation and 4 weeks after the operation.