A layered polymorph of rare earth hydroxides.

A layered polymorph series of rare earth hydroxides has been developed by the conversion of RE2(OH)5Cl·mH2O to RE(OH)3·nH2O (RE = rare earths) with a typical layered structure with interlayer water molecules. A temperature-induced phase transition from the layered polymorph to its hexagonal form is completed at approximately 300 °C.

Glucosamine is an effective chemo-sensitizer via transglutaminase 2 inhibition.

Aberrant increases of transglutaminase 2 (TGase 2) in tumors contribute to drug resistance. The role of TGase 2 in cancer pathogenesis was unknown until we showed that TGase 2 activates NF-kappaB in the absence of kinase-dependent phosphorylation. It appears that increased expression of TGase 2 is responsible for the constitutive activation of NF-kappaB in cancer cells.