Prevalence and clinical characteristics of antibiotics associated drug induced liver injury.

Background: The use of antibiotics increases recently. Accordingly, the incidence of antibiotics associated with drug induced liver injury (DILI) also increases. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the proportion and the clinical characteristics of antibiotic associated with DILI.

Rates and Risk Factors for Interval Gastric Cancers at Screening Gastroscopy.

Backgrounds/aims: Interval gastric cancers (GCs) can be encountered during screening gastroscopy. This study investigated the rate of interval GCs and their risk factors.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively investigated subjects who underwent screening gastroscopy from 2005 to 2017 in a university hospital and were diagnosed with GC.

Correlation between Three-Dimensional Volume and Malignant Potential of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs).

Background And Purpose: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare diseases of the gastrointestinal tract but they are the most common gastrointestinal tumors of mesenchymal origin. Since most GISTs have malignant potential, their probability of malignant progression must be evaluated. This study was conducted to examine the correlation between three-dimensional GIST volume measured by CT and malignant potential.

Blood Flow Imaging in the Neonatal Brain Using Angular Coherence Power Doppler.

Using ultrasound to image small vessels in the neonatal brain can be difficult in the presence of strong clutter from the surrounding tissue and with a neonate motion during the scan. We propose a coherence-based beamforming method, namely the short-lag angular coherence (SLAC) beamforming that suppresses incoherent noise and motion artifacts in Ultrafast data, and we demonstrate its applicability to improve detection of blood flow in the neonatal brain. Instead of estimating spatial coherence across the receive elements, SLAC utilizes the principle of acoustic reciprocity to estimate angular coherence from the beamsummed signals from different plane-wave transmits, which makes it computationally efficient and amenable to advanced beamforming techniques, such as f-k migration.

Lung apical findings in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection on neck and cervical spine CT.

Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence and features of lung apical findings on neck and cervical spine CTs performed in patients with COVID-19.

Methods: This was a retrospective, IRB-approved study performed at a large academic hospital in the USA. Between March 3, 2020, and May 6, 2020, 641 patients with COVID-19 infection diagnosed by RT-PCR received medical care at our institution.

Recurrent Coronary Artery Vasospasm in a Patient with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Sorafenib: a Case Report and Literature Review.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are widely used as targeted treatments for various malignancies. Sorafenib is an orally active tyrosine kinase inhibitor that blocks the signaling pathways of several growth factors. Its use is approved for various malignancies such as unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

Low-Dose Propranolol as Secondary Prophylaxis for Varix Bleeding Decreases Mortality and Rebleeding Rate in Patients with Tense Ascites.

Background And Aim: The risk and benefit of non-selective propranolol in patients with tense ascites are controversial. This study aimed to investigate the effect of propranolol as secondary prophylaxis on varix rebleeding and overall mortality in patients with tense ascites.

Methods: This study used a database of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRAS), which provides health insurance to 97.

Lifestyle predictors of obese and non-obese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A cross-sectional study.

Background & Aims: Most people with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are obese, and they usually eat more while being less physically active as compared to healthy individuals. However, little is known about the lifestyle patterns of non-obese or obese patients with NAFLD. The aim of this study was to investigate nutrition components and behavioral differences between non-obese and obese patients with NAFLD.

Estimating of hepatic fat amount using MRI proton density fat fraction in a real practice setting.

The recently developed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) proton density fat fraction (PDFF) allows measurement of the fat in all segments of hepatic tissue. However, it is time consuming and inconvenient to measure each segment repeatedly. Moreover, volume of each segment also should be adjusted with arithmetic mean of the selected segments when total amount of liver fat is estimated.

Fatal lactic acidosis in hepatitis B virus-associated decompensated cirrhosis treated with tenofovir: A case report.

Rationale: Recently tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) has been widely used as a first-line therapy for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection. Although TDF demonstrates successful viral suppression, the possibility of renal failure and lactic acidosis has been proposed with TDF administration, especially in human immunodeficiency virus co-infected patients. However, TDF induced lactic acidosis has never been reported in CHB mono-infected patients.

Effect of DA-9701, a Novel Prokinetic Agent, on Post-operative Ileus in Rats.

Background/aims: Post-operative ileus (POI) is a common complication of abdominal surgery. DA-9701, an extract of Pharbitis Semen and Corydalis Tuber, is a new prokinetic agent that also alleviates visceral pain. The aim of this study was to investigate whether DA-9701 can ameliorate POI in rats.

MUC Expression in Gallbladder Epithelial Tissues in Cholesterol-Associated Gallbladder Disease.

Background/aims: Gallstone pathogenesis is linked to mucin hypersecretion and bacterial infection. Several mucin genes have been identified in gallbladder epithelial cells (GBECs). We investigated MUC expression in cholesterol-associated gallbladder disease and evaluated the relationship between mucin and bacterial infection.

The Effect of DA-6034 on Intestinal Permeability in an Indomethacin-Induced Small Intestinal Injury Model.

Background/aims: DA-6034 has anti-inflammatory activities and exhibits cytoprotective effects in acute gastric injury models. However, explanations for the protective effects of DA-6034 on intestinal permeability are limited. This study sought to investigate the effect of DA-6034 on intestinal permeability in an indomethacin-induced small intestinal injury model and its protective effect against small intestinal injury.

Prevalence of Gastric Subepithelial Tumors in Korea: A Single Center Experience.

Background/aims: The incidental finding of gastrointestinal subepithelial tumors (SETs) is increasing with national cancer screening endoscopy. In a Swedish population, screening endoscopy found a prevalence of SETs of 0.36%.

Lactobacillus paracasei Induces M2-Dominant Kupffer Cell Polarization in a Mouse Model of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis.

Background And Aims: Gut microbiota may be associated with the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This study aimed to investigate the protective effects and possible mechanisms of Lactobacillus paracasei on NASH.

Methods: Thirty male C57BL/6 mice were randomized into three groups and maintained for 10 weeks: control group (standard chow), NASH model group (high fat + 10 % fructose diet), and the L.

Visceral Obesity Predicts Fewer Lymph Node Metastases and Better Overall Survival in Colon Cancer.

Background: The relationship between visceral obesity and colon cancer outcome has not been well studied. The goal of this study was to determine the impact of visceral obesity on lymph node (LN) metastasis and overall survival (OS) in colon cancer.

Materials And Methods: Metastatic LN ratio (MLR) was defined as the number of involved nodes by tumor divided by the total number of resected LNs.

Low-dose steroid-induced tumor lysis syndrome in a hepatocellular carcinoma patient.

Tumor lysis syndrome is rare in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but it has been reported more frequently recently in response to treatments such as transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), radiofrequency thermal ablation (RFTA), and sorafenib. Tumor lysis syndrome induced by low-dose steroid appears to be very unusual in HCC. We report a patient with hepatitis-C-related liver cirrhosis and HCC in whom tumor lysis syndrome occurred due to low-dose steroid (10 mg of prednisolone).

Sarcopenia is a risk factor for elevated aminotransferase in men independently of body mass index, dietary habits, and physical activity.

Background: Aminotransferase activity is a surrogate marker of liver injury showing strong correlations with obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, elevated aminotransferase activity is not uncommon in non-obese and non-alcoholic patients in clinical practice.

Aim: To examine the relationship between sarcopenia and aminotransferase activity in a large population-based cohort.

Visceral fat as a useful parameter in the differential diagnosis of Crohn's disease and intestinal tuberculosis.

Background/aims: Because of the similarities in the clinical presentations of Crohn's disease (CD) and intestinal tuberculosis (ITB), differential diagnosis is critical. Mesenteric adipose tissue hypertrophy and creeping fat are characteristic features of CD. The purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of visceral fat for the differential diagnosis of CD and ITB.

Inverse association between visceral obesity and lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer.

Background: The relationship between fat distribution and lymph node metastasis has not been well studied. The goal of this study was to determine the impact of visceral obesity on lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer.

Materials And Methods: Metastatic lymph node ratio (MLR) was defined as the number of involved nodes by tumor divided by the total number of resected lymph nodes.

Short-term probiotic therapy alleviates small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, but does not improve intestinal permeability in chronic liver disease.

Aim: : Although numerous animal studies suggest that probiotic therapy has beneficial effects in various liver diseases, the evidence for beneficial effects in human liver disease is controversial. This study was carried out to investigate the efficacy of probiotic therapy in alleviating small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and permeability in chronic liver disease.

Methods: Fifty-three patients with chronic liver disease were randomized to either probiotic therapy or placebo.

Deep biopsy via endoscopic submucosal dissection in upper gastrointestinal subepithelial tumors: a prospective study.

Background And Study Aims: Preoperative pathological diagnosis may improve clinical management decisions in patients with upper gastrointestinal subepithelial tumors (SETs). The aims of this study were to evaluate the diagnostic yield of deep biopsy via an endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) technique, the complications associated with the procedure, and the impact on management of patients with upper gastrointestinal SETs.

Patients And Methods: A total of 68 patients with SETs in the stomach or esophagus were voluntarily assigned to two groups.

Effects of DA-9701, a novel prokinetic agent, on phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase expression in the dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord induced by colorectal distension in rats.

Background/aims: DA-9701, a standardized extract of Pharbitis Semen and Corydalis Tuber, is a new prokinetic agent that exhibits an analgesic effect on the abdomen. We investigated whether DA-9701 affects visceral pain induced by colorectal distension (CRD) in rats.

Methods: A total of 21 rats were divided into three groups: group A (no CRD+no drug), group B (CRD+no drug), and group C (CRD+DA-9701).

Prolonged N200 is the early neurophysiologic change in the patient with minimal hepatic encephalopathy.

Background: In neurophysiological studies, P300, is well known for reflecting early cognitive impairment in minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE). Although P300 is investigated extensively, other early event-related potential (ERP) parameters have not been studied in MHE.

Methods: The subjects were 21 adult cirrhotic patients without clinical encephalopathy and 29 normal controls.