Current Evidence for the Use of Jugular Vein Compression Collars in Sport: A Systematic Review.

Sport-related concussions are a common type of brain injury, and the best treatment is prevention. Recently, external jugular vein compression collars have been worn by National Football League players, but the current evidence is limited. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first comprehensive, up-to-date systematic review addressing the use of jugular vein compression collars for decreasing concussion incidence in high-impact sports and activities.

A Retrospective Comparison of Headless Versus Standard Interlocking Screw Fixation of Tibia Intramedullary Nails.

Introduction: Symptomatic interlocking screws are common after intramedullary nail fixation of tibia fractures. Low-profile headless interlocking screws recently became available and could potentially reduce the rate of symptomatic screws. The purpose of this study was to compare the rate of symptomatic screws and screw removals between these screw types.

Treatment of race and ethnicity in shoulder and elbow research: An analysis of the most cited papers on rotator cuff repair.

Background: This study examined the current approach to the inclusion of race and ethnicity among frequently referenced shoulder surgery literature and discussed guidance for best practices for the inclusion of race and ethnicity in shoulder research.

Methods: The shoulder literature were systematically reviewed for the most frequently cited studies discussing rotator cuff repair, total shoulder arthroplasty, and Bankart repair. All reviewed studies met the timeline criteria (2013-2022).

Play, copulation, anatomy, and testosterone in gonadally intact male rats prenatally exposed to flutamide.

The role of prenatal androgen on the differentiation of sexually dimorphic juvenile play and adult copulatory patterns was evaluated in male offspring of rats injected with 5 mg of the androgen receptor blocker flutamide (4'-nitro-3'-trifluoromethylisobutyranilide) from Days 11-21 of pregnancy. Rough-and-tumble play was incompletely masculinized in flutamide-exposed males at 31 days of age. The copulatory potential tested at 70 days of age was severely attenuated by prenatal flutamide.

Fetal testosterone surge: specific modulations induced in male rats by maternal stress and/or alcohol consumption.

Plasma testosterone (T) was measured in control male and female rats on gestational days 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20 and on days 17-20 in males from dams who were fed ethanol and/or were stressed during pregnancy. Circulating T in control males showed an earlier rise, yielding a longer period of prenatal T elevation, than was reported previously (Endocrinology 106 (1980)306). Compared to control males, exposure to alcohol-alone augmented T on days 18 and 19, stress-alone attenuated prenatal T, and the combination of stress and alcohol completely blocked the normal rise in T between days 17 and 18.

Hormonal mechanisms underlying aberrant sexual differentiation in male rats prenatally exposed to alcohol, stress, or both.

The male offspring of rats exposed to restraint stress, alcohol, or both during late pregnancy show normally masculinized genitalia; however, sexual differentiation of behavior is dissociated from the external morphology. In contrast to controls, males exposed prenatally to stress, alcohol, or a combination of these factors exhibited the female lordotic pattern. Thus, all 3 prenatal treatments led to incomplete behavioral defeminization.

Postparturitional testosterone surge in male offspring of rats stressed and/or fed ethanol during late pregnancy.

Male offspring of rats exposed to restraint stress and/or alcohol during late pregnancy show aberrant patterns of sexual behavior masculinization and defeminization that vary as a function of treatment. The impact of these treatments on the postparturitional testosterone (T) surge that contributes to sexual behavior differentiation was investigated. Plasma T was measured using radioimmunoassay in individual males sampled on day 21 of gestation within 10 min of cesarean delivery or 1, 2, or 4 h thereafter.