The effect of oral contraceptives on bone mass and stress fractures in female runners.

Purpose: To determine the effect of oral contraceptives (OC) on bone mass and stress fracture incidence in young female distance runners.

Methods: One hundred fifty competitive female runners ages 18-26 yr were randomly assigned to OC (30 microg of ethinyl estradiol and 0.3 mg of norgestrel) or control (no intervention) for 2 yr.

Risk factors for stress fracture among young female cross-country runners.

Purpose: To identify risk factors for stress fracture among young female distance runners.

Methods: Participants were 127 competitive female distance runners, aged 18-26, who provided at least some follow-up data in a randomized trial among 150 runners of the effects of oral contraceptives on bone health. After completing a baseline questionnaire and undergoing bone densitometry, they were followed an average of 1.

Increased falling as a risk factor for fracture among older women: the study of osteoporotic fractures.

More frequent falling is associated with a higher risk of fracture among older women, but it is not known whether an increased rate of falling, independent of the average rate, also increases fracture risk. The authors examined the relation between an increase in the rate of falls during the first 4 years of follow-up and the subsequent fracture rate, reported for a median of 6.3 years (1986-1998), in 9,106 US women aged 65 years or more.

Urine testing in methadone maintenance treatment: applications and limitations.

We consider here the applications and limitations of urine testing schedules used in methadone maintenance treatment programs. We show that for patients attending clinic daily, any practical testing schedule will only reliably detect those who are using heroin or other illicit drugs very frequently (e.g.

Disordered eating, menstrual irregularity, and bone mineral density in female runners.

Purpose: To examine the relationships between disordered eating, menstrual irregularity, and low bone mineral density (BMD) in young female runners.

Methods: Subjects were 91 competitive female distance runners aged 18-26 yr. Disordered eating was measured by the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI).

Relationship between obesity, insulin resistance, and coronary heart disease risk.

Objectives: The study goals were to: 1) define the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and insulin resistance in 314 nondiabetic, normotensive, healthy volunteers; and 2) determine the relationship between each of these two variables and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors.

Background: The importance of obesity as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and hypertension is well-recognized, but its role as a CHD risk factor in nondiabetic, normotensive individuals is less well established.

Methods: Insulin resistance was quantified by determining the steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG) concentration during the last 30 min of a 180-min infusion of octreotide, glucose, and insulin.

A phase II, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of tgAAVCF using maxillary sinus delivery in patients with cystic fibrosis with antrostomies.

tgAAVCF, an adeno-associated cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) viral vector/gene construct, was administered to 23 patients in a Phase II, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. For each patient, a dose of 100,000 replication units of tgAAVCF was administered to one maxillary sinus, while the contralateral maxillary sinus received a placebo treatment, thereby establishing an inpatient control. Neither the primary efficacy endpoint, defined as the rate of relapse of clinically defined, endoscopically diagnosed recurrent sinusitis, nor several secondary endpoints (sinus transepithelial potential difference [TEPD], histopathology, sinus fluid interleukin [IL]-8 measurements) achieved statistical significance when comparing treated to control sinuses within patients.