The effect of posture and exercise on blood CO kinetics during the optimized carbon monoxide rebreathing procedure.

An indispensable precondition for the determination of hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) and blood volume by CO rebreathing is complete mixing of CO in the blood. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the kinetics of CO in capillary and venous blood in different body positions and during moderate exercise. Six young subjects (4 male, 2 female) performed three 2-min CO rebreathing tests in seated (SEA) & supine (SUP) positions as well as during moderate exercise (EX) on a bicycle ergometer.

Iron Status and Homeostasis Across 2 Competitive Seasons in NCAA Division I Collegiate Cross-Country Runners Residing at Low Altitude.

Purpose: Inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6 can upregulate hepcidin and decrease iron absorption. Endurance exercise is associated with transient increases in cytokines, which may alter the risk of iron deficiency (ID). This study examined whether chronic elevations in basal levels of cytokines and hepcidin were associated with ID in highly trained runners.

Efficacy and safety of adjunctive padsevonil in adults with drug-resistant focal epilepsy: Results from two double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials.

Objective: To characterize efficacy, safety/tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of padsevonil (PSL) administered concomitantly with ≤3 antiseizure medications (ASMs) for observable focal seizures in adults with drug-resistant epilepsy in two multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trials.

Methods: The phase 2b dose-finding trial (EP0091/NCT03373383) randomized patients 1:1:1:1:1 to PSL 50/100/200/400 mg or placebo twice daily (b.i.

ActivPAL accuracy in determining metabolic rate during walking, running and cycling.

To evaluate the ActivPAL's (AcP) ability to estimate METs during walking, running and cycling. Twenty physically active participants performed two submaximal exercises using a treadmill and cycle ergometer. The treadmill session involved varying speeds with a fixed grade and varying grade at fixed walking and running speeds.

The importance of lean mass and iron deficiency when comparing hemoglobin mass in male and female athletic groups.

Hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) is important for athletes because it helps determine maximal aerobic power. This study examined how lean mass, iron deficiency (ID), and sex influence Hbmass in athletic and nonathletic groups. NCAA Division I student athletes (21 men, 75 women; altitude: 1,625 m) were recruited from six athletic teams; 14 male and 12 female full-time students (non-varsity athletes) served as control subjects.

Chronic Exposure to Low-Dose Carbon Monoxide Alters Hemoglobin Mass and V˙O2max.

Unlabelled: By blocking the oxygen binding sites on the hemoglobin molecule, chronic low-dose carbon monoxide (CO) administration may produce similar effects to those of exposure to altitude.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effect of chronic low-dose CO application on hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) and V˙O2max.

Methods: For 3 wk, 11 healthy and moderately trained male subjects inhaled a CO bolus five times per day to increase their HbCO concentration by ~5%.

Intermittent low dose carbon monoxide inhalation does not influence glucose regulation in overweight adults: a randomized controlled crossover trial.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? Low dose carbon monoxide (CO) inhalation plays a role in regulating proteins involved in glucose metabolism; does low dose CO improve glucose and insulin responses to an oral glucose tolerance test in overweight adults? What is the main finding and its importance? Five days of intermittent CO inhalation does not alter the glucose or insulin responses to ingestion of a glucose bolus in overweight adults. Low dose CO is utilized in various physiological assessment procedures; these findings allow researchers and clinicians to utilize these procedures without concern of altering glucose metabolism.

Abstract: Low dose carbon monoxide (CO) inhalation upregulates several proteins important for glucose metabolism.

A Retrospective Analysis of Collegiate Athlete Blood Biomarkers at Moderate Altitude.

Morris, KL, Widstrom, L, Goodrich, J, Poddar, S, Rueda, M, Holliday, M, San Millian, I, and Byrnes, WC. A retrospective analysis of collegiate athlete blood biomarkers at moderate altitude. J Strength Cond Res 33(11): 2913-2919, 2019-Blood biomarkers are used to assess overall health and determine positive/negative adaptations to training/environmental stimuli.

E. E. Just's broad, yet hidden, influence on modern cell and developmental biology.

This year, 2019, marks the centennial of embryologist E. E. Just's discovery of what is known as the fast block to polyspermy.

Safety and tolerability of adjunctive lacosamide in a pediatric population with focal seizures - An open-label trial.

Purpose: To evaluate safety and tolerability of adjunctive lacosamide in children with focal seizures.

Methods: Patients were eligible for this open-label, fixed-titration trial (SP0847; NCT00938431) if aged 1 month-17 years with focal seizures taking 1-3 antiepileptic drugs. Findings from Cohort 1, aged 5-11 years, who received lacosamide ≤8 mg/kg/day, informed dosing for age-based cohorts 2-5, who then received ≤12 mg/kg/day (≤600 mg/day).

Cardiometabolic Effects of a Workplace Cycling Intervention.

Background: In laboratory settings, cycling workstations improve cardiometabolic risk factors. Our purpose was to quantify risk factors following a cycling intervention in the workplace.

Methods: Twenty-one office workers who sat at work ≥6 hours per day underwent baseline physiological measurements (resting blood pressure, blood lipid profile, maximum oxygen consumption [V˙O2max], body composition, and 2-h oral glucose tolerance test).

The Influence of Oxygen Saturation on the Relationship Between Hemoglobin Mass and VO max.

Hemoglobin mass (tHb) is a key determinant of maximal oxygen uptake (VO max). We examined whether oxyhemoglobin desaturation (ΔS O ) at VO max modifies the relationship between tHb and VO max at moderate altitude (1,625 m). Seventeen female and 16 male competitive, endurance-trained moderate-altitude residents performed two tHb assessments and two graded exercise tests on a cycle ergometer to determine VO max and ΔS O .

Does Metabolic Rate Increase Linearly with Running Speed in all Distance Runners?

Running economy (oxygen uptake or metabolic rate for running at a submaximal speed) is one of the key determinants of distance running performance. Previous studies reported linear relationships between oxygen uptake or metabolic rate and speed, and an invariant cost of transport across speed. We quantified oxygen uptake, metabolic rate, and cost of transport in 10 average and 10 sub-elite runners.

Effects of 3 Weeks of Oral Low-Dose Cobalt on Hemoglobin Mass and Aerobic Performance.

Cobalt ions (Co) stabilize HIFα and increase endogenous erythropoietin (EPO) production creating the possibility that Co supplements (CoSupp) may be used as performance enhancing substances. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a small oral dosage of CoSupp on hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) and performance with the objective of providing the basis for establishing upper threshold limits of urine [Co] to detect CoSupp misuse in sport. Twenty-four male subjects participated in a double-blind placebo-controlled study.

Erythropoietic effects of low-dose cobalt application.

Cobaltous ions (Co ) stabilize HIFα, increase endogenous erythropoietin (EPO) production, and may, therefore, be used as a performance-enhancing substance. To date, the dosage necessary to stimulate erythropoiesis is unknown. The aim of this study was, therefore, to determine the minimum dosage necessary to increase erythropoietic processes.

Breathing valve resistance alters physiological responses during a graded exercise test.

Purpose: To determine the impact of breathing valve resistance on peak aerobic capacity ([Formula: see text]) and running economy (RE) in endurance-trained and recreationally active individuals.

Methods: Ten endurance-trained males (ETM), 10 endurance-trained females (ETF), 10 recreationally active males (RAM), and 10 recreationally active females (RAF) participated in this study. On two separate occasions, subjects performed identical graded exercise treadmill protocols using either a Hans Rudolph 2700 (high resistance) or a Daniels' (low resistance) two-way non-rebreathing valve.

Calculating metabolic energy expenditure across a wide range of exercise intensities: the equation matters.

We compared 10 published equations for calculating energy expenditure from oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production using data for 10 high-caliber male distance runners over a wide range of running velocities. We found up to a 5.2% difference in calculated metabolic rate between 2 widely used equations.

Beneficial Effects of Cooling during Constant Power Non-steady State Cycling.

This study compared the effects of cooling on the energetic and associated physiological and perceptual responses to constant power, non-steady state cycling. Twelve males cycled at their lactate threshold power for 60 min or until exhaustion under 3 conditions: wearing a cooling vest and sleeves (COOL), a synthetic shirt embedded with an active particle technology claimed to facilitate evaporative heat loss (EVAP), and a standard synthetic shirt (CON). When adjusted for time, the increase in gastrointestinal temperature from baseline was reduced during COOL and EVAP compared to CON (1.

Estimating Energy Expenditure using Individualized, Power-Specific Gross Efficiencies.

Our purpose was to determine if using an individual's power-specific gross efficiency improves the accuracy of estimating energy expenditure from cycling power. 30 subjects performed a graded cycling test to develop 4 gross efficiencies: individual power-specific gross efficiencies, a group mean power-specific gross efficiency, individual fixed gross efficiencies, and a group mean fixed gross efficiency. Energy expenditure was estimated from power using these different gross efficiencies and compared to measured energy expenditure during moderate- and hard-intensity constant-power and 2 variable-power cycling bouts.

Lacosamide and sodium channel-blocking antiepileptic drug cross-titration against levetiracetam background therapy.

Objective: To assess prospectively the effectiveness of lacosamide (LCM) added to levetiracetam (LEV) after down-titration of a concomitant sodium channel blocker (SCB) among patients with focal epilepsy not adequately controlled on LEV and SCB.

Methods: In this open-label trial, LCM was initiated at 100 mg/day and up-titrated to 200-600 mg/day over 9 weeks; SCB down-titration started when LCM dose reached 200 mg/day. Patients remained on stable LCM/LEV doses for 12 weeks' maintenance (21-week treatment period).

Long-term exposure and safety of lacosamide monotherapy for the treatment of partial-onset (focal) seizures: Results from a multicenter, open-label trial.

Objective: To assess long-term use and safety of lacosamide (LCM) ≤800 mg/day monotherapy in patients with partial-onset seizures (POS) enrolled previously in a historical-controlled, conversion-to-monotherapy study (SP902; NCT00520741).

Methods: Patients completing or exiting SP902 with LCM as monotherapy or as adjunctive therapy were eligible to enter this 2-year open-label extension (OLE) trial (SP904; NCT00530855) at a starting dose ±100 mg/day of their final SP902 dose. Investigators could adjust the LCM dose to 100-800 mg/day and add up to two antiepileptic drugs to optimize tolerability and seizure reduction.

Randomized double-blind comparison of cognitive and EEG effects of lacosamide and carbamazepine.

Differential effectiveness of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) is more commonly determined by tolerability than efficacy. Cognitive effects of AEDs can adversely affect tolerability and quality of life. This study evaluated cognitive and EEG effects of lacosamide (LCM) compared with carbamazepine immediate-release (CBZ-IR).