Catatonic features in children and adolescents with -methyl-d-aspartate receptor antibody encephalitis.

Catatonia is a psychomotor dysregulation syndrome of diverse aetiology, increasingly recognised as a prominent feature of -methyl-d-aspartate receptor antibody encephalitis (NMDARE) in adults. No study to date has systematically assessed the prevalence and symptomatology of catatonia in children with NMDARE. We analysed 57 paediatric patients with NMDARE from the literature using the Bush-Francis Catatonia Rating Scale.

Identifying behavior change techniques for inclusion in a complex intervention targeting antipsychotic prescribing to nursing home residents with dementia.

Nursing home residents with dementia are commonly prescribed antipsychotics despite the associated increased risk of harms. Interventions to optimize prescribing practice have been found to be effective in the short term, but there is a lack of evidence to support sustainability of effects, along with a lack of theory, public involvement, and transparency in the intervention development process. Using theory has been advocated as a means of improving intervention sustainability.

Overcoming hurdles: measurement of health-related outcomes associated with national level medicines usage in Ireland.

Public discourse on medicine provision predominantly focuses on overall expenditure. However, current literature suggests measurement of alternative indicators can provide a method to benchmark or ameliorate medicine provision. Previous research has investigated the viability of using health-related outcome metrics, such as the number of patients treated, quality-adjusted life-year gain and life-year gain, to provide macro-level estimates on medicines' societal contributions.

Lipids in ultraviolet radiation-induced immune modulation.

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation-mediated immune suppression is a key mechanism conferring both detrimental and beneficial impacts of sun exposure on human health. Suppression of anti-tumour responses promotes the development and progression of UV-induced skin cancers. In contrast, suppression of dysregulated immune responses facilitate the therapeutic success of phototherapy treatment for skin disorders and is postulated to be responsible for UV protection from autoimmune diseases.

Testing the Effects of Certain versus Hypothetical Language in Health Risk Messages.

This paper tests how the certainty or hypotheticality conveyed through language can be harnessed to enhance the effectiveness of targeted messaging about health risks. We conducted two experiments with adult smokers ( = 317) and middle school youth ( = 321) from low-income communities in the context of pictorial cigarette warning labels. We manipulated hypotheticality of risk through verb modality: 1.

Computer-generated STOPP/START recommendations for hospitalised older adults: evaluation of the relationship between clinical relevance and rate of implementation in the SENATOR trial.

Background: findings from a recent qualitative study indicate that the perceived clinical relevance of computer-generated STOPP/START recommendations was a key factor affecting their implementation by physician prescribers caring for hospitalised older adults in the SENATOR trial.

Aim: to systematically evaluate the clinical relevance of these recommendations and to establish if clinical relevance significantly affected the implementation rate.

Methods: a pharmacist-physician pair retrospectively reviewed the case records for all SENATOR trial intervention patients at Cork University Hospital and assigned a degree of clinical relevance for each STOPP/START recommendation based on a previously validated six-point scale.

Prevention of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized older patients with multi-morbidity and polypharmacy: the SENATOR* randomized controlled clinical trial.

Background: Multi-morbidity and polypharmacy increase the risk of non-trivial adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in older people during hospitalization. Despite this, there are no established interventions for hospital-acquired ADR prevention.

Methods: We undertook a pragmatic, multi-national, parallel arm prospective randomized open-label, blinded endpoint (PROBE) controlled trial enrolling patients at six European medical centres.

"I Quit": Testing the Added Value and Sequencing Effects of an Efficacy-focused Message among Cigarette Warning Labels.

Many emotional appeal theorists argue that negative affect and efficacy work together to promote adaptive behavioral responses to a threat, yet most research on cigarette warning label messages has not examined the intersection between negative affect, hope, and efficacy. The current study tests effects of exposure, at different points in a sequence, to an efficacy-focused warning label in the context of threat-focused warning labels. We conducted an online, between- and within-subjects experiment with 398 adult smokers, testing the effects of warning label exposure on negative affect, hope, efficacy beliefs, and intentions to quit.

Parents' Experience and Psychoeducation Needs When Supporting a Young Person Who Self-Harms.

Background: Self-harm in young people can have a substantial negative impact on the well-being and functioning of parents and other carers. The "Coping with Self-Harm" booklet was originally developed in the UK as a resource for parents and carers of young people who self-harm, and an adaptation study of this resource was conducted in Australia. This paper presents qualitative analysis of interviews with parents about their experiences and psychoeducational needs when supporting a young person who engages in self harm.

Self-collection: An appropriate alternative during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Objectives: To evaluate the reliability of self-collection for SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses because swab collections for SARS-CoV-2 put health workers at risk of infection and require use of personal protective equipment (PPE).

Methods: In a prospective study, patients from two states in Australia attending dedicated COVID-19 collection clinics were offered the option to first self-collect (SC) nasal and throat swabs (SCNT) prior to health worker collect (HC) using throat and nasal swabs (Site 1) or throat and nasopharyngeal swabs (Site 2). Samples were analysed for SARS-CoV-2 as well as common respiratory viruses.

Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, update 2019.

This assessment, by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP), one of three Panels informing the Parties to the Montreal Protocol, provides an update, since our previous extensive assessment (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci.

Landslides on Ceres: Diversity and Geologic Context.

Landslides are among the most widespread geologic features on Ceres. Using data from Dawn's Framing Camera, landslides were previously classified based upon geomorphologic characteristics into one of three archetypal categories, Type 1(T1), Type 2 (T2), and Type 3 (T3). Due to their geologic context, variation in age, and physical characteristics, most landslides on Ceres are, however, intermediate in their morphology and physical properties between the archetypes of each landslide class.

IgG B cells are associated with the development of multiple sclerosis.

Objectives: Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) targeting B cells are amongst the most effective for preventing multiple sclerosis (MS) progression. IgG antibodies and their uncharacterised B-cell clones are predicted to play a pathogenic role in MS. Identifying subsets of IgG B cells involved in MS progression could improve diagnosis, could inform timely disease intervention and may lead to new DMTs that target B cells more specifically.

Characterization of Potato Virus Y Isolates and Assessment of Nanopore Sequencing to Detect and Genotype Potato Viruses.

Potato virus Y (PVY) is the most economically important virus infecting cultivated potato ( L.). Accurate diagnosis is crucial to regulate the trade of tubers and for the sanitary selection of plant material for propagation.

Directing Quinone Methide-Dependent Alkylation and Cross-Linking of Nucleic Acids with Quaternary Amines.

Polyamine and polyammonium ion conjugates are often used to direct reagents to nucleic acids based on their strong electrostatic attraction to the phosphoribose backbone. Such nonspecific interactions do not typically alter the specificity of the attached reagent, but polyammonium ions dramatically redirected the specificity of a series of quinone methide precursors. Replacement of a relatively nonspecific intercalator based on acridine with a series of polyammonium ions resulted in a surprising change of DNA products.

Safety culture in a major accredited Irish university teaching hospital: a mixed methods study using the safety attitudes questionnaire.

Background: The measurement of safety culture, the way in which members of an organisation think about and prioritise safety, in a hospital can provide valuable insight and inform quality improvement strategies.

Aims: The aim of this study is to describe the safety culture of a university teaching hospital in the Republic of Ireland.

Methods: This is a mixed methods survey study using the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ).

A comparison of genomic diagnostics in adults and children with epilepsy and comorbid intellectual disability.

Next generation sequencing provides an important opportunity for improved diagnosis in epilepsy. To date, the majority of diagnostic genetic testing is conducted in the paediatric arena, while the utility of such testing is less well understood in adults with epilepsy. We conducted whole exome sequencing (WES) and copy number variant analyses in an Irish cohort of 101 people with epilepsy and co-morbid intellectual disability to compare the diagnostic yield of genomic testing between adult and paediatric patients.

Intervention protocol: OPtimising thERapy to prevent avoidable hospital Admission in the Multi-morbid elderly (OPERAM): a structured medication review with support of a computerised decision support system.

Background: Several approaches to medication optimisation by identifying drug-related problems in older people have been described. Although some interventions have shown reductions in drug-related problems (DRPs), evidence supporting the effectiveness of medication reviews on clinical and economic outcomes is lacking. Application of the STOPP/START (version 2) explicit screening tool for inappropriate prescribing has decreased inappropriate prescribing and significantly reduced adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and associated healthcare costs in older patients with multi-morbidity and polypharmacy.

Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation for Nondiagnostic CT-Guided Lung Biopsies Performed for the Evaluation of Lung Cancer.

For nondiagnostic CT-guided lung biopsies, we tested whether radiologicpathologic correlation could identify patients who may benefit from repeat biopsy. In this retrospective study, 1525 lung biopsies were performed between July 2013 and June 2017, 243 of which were nondiagnostic. Of these 243 lung biopsies, 98 were performed to evaluate for lung malignancy; 17 were excluded because of insufficient follow-up, leaving a total of 81 cases.

Out of pocket or out of control: A qualitative analysis of healthcare professional stakeholder involvement in pharmaceutical policy change in Ireland.

Background: Mandatory co-payments attached to prescription medicines on the Irish public health insurance [General Medical Services (GMS)] scheme have undergone multiple iterations since their introduction in October 2010. To date, whilst patients' opinions on said co-payments have been evaluated, the perspectives of community pharmacists and general practitioners (GPs) have not.

Objective: To explore the involvement and perceptions of community pharmacists and GPs on this pharmaceutical policy change.

Circulating epigenetic biomarkers for detection of recurrent colorectal cancer.

Background: The sensitive detection of recurrent colorectal cancer (CRC) by the measurement of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) might improve the chance of a cure. This study compared a quantitative methylated ctDNA test with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the setting of surveillance for recurrence.

Methods: Blood samples collected either during surveillance or within 12 months of the confirmation of recurrence were assayed for ctDNA (methylated branched-chain amino acid transaminase 1 [BCAT1]/Ikaros family zinc-finger 1 protein [IKZF1]) and CEA.

Interventions to improve reporting of medication errors in hospitals: A systematic review and narrative synthesis.

Background: In 2017, the World Health Organisation pledged to halve medication errors by 2022. In order to learn from medication errors and prevent their recurrence, it is essential that medication errors are reported when they occur.

Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to identify studies in which interventions were carried out in hospitals to improve medication error reporting, to summarise the findings of these studies, and to make recommendations for future investigations.

The relationship between social media use and disordered eating in young adolescents.

Background: The relationship between social media (SM) use and disordered eating (DE) has not been adequately explored in young adolescents.

Methods: Data from 996 Grade 7 and 8 adolescents (n = 534 girls; M age = 13.08) was investigated.