The role and scope of contemporary midwifery practice in Australia: A scoping review of the literature.

Problem: Little is known about the breadth of midwifery scope within Australia, and few midwives work to their full scope of practice.

Background: Midwives in Australia are educated and professionally accountable to work in partnership with childbearing women and their families, yet they are currently hindered from practicing within their full scope of practice by contextual influences.

Aims: To perform a scoping review of the literature to map out the role and scope of contemporary midwifery practice in Australia To identify any key issues that impact upon working within the full scope of midwifery practice in the Australian context METHODS: A scoping review of the literature guided by the Arksey and O'Malley's five-stage methodological framework, and the 'best fit' framework synthesis using the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia's Midwifery Standards for Practice.

Investigation of a pervasive immune, cardiac, and behavioral phenotype in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome: A case report.

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is an imprinting disorder caused by genetic and epigenetic changes in the chromosome 11p15 region. The syndrome is characterized by a wide range of features including macrosomia, lateralized overgrowth, abdominal wall defects, and hypoglycemia. BWS presentation is variable across the entire patient population, but certain areas including immunology, cardiology, and behavioral differences are not well characterized.

Biochemical metabolomic profiling of the Crown-of-Thorns Starfish (Acanthaster): New insight into its biology for improved pest management.

The Crown-of-Thorns Starfish (COTS), Acanthaster species, is a voracious coral predator that destroys coral reefs when in outbreak status. The baseline metabolite and lipid biomolecules of 10 COTS tissues, including eggs from gravid females, were investigated in this study to provide insight into their biology and identify avenues for control. Targeted and untargeted metabolite- and lipidomics-based mass spectrometry approaches were used to obtain tissue-specific metabolite and lipid profiles.

The environmental basis of memory.

Memory should make more available things that are more likely to be needed. Across multiple environmental domains, it has been shown that such a system would match qualitatively the memory effects involving repetition, delay, and spacing (Schooler & Anderson, 2017). To obtain data of sufficient size to study how detailed patterns of past appearance predict probability of being needed again, we examined the patterns with which words appear in large two data sets: tweets from popular sources and comments on popular subreddits.

In vitro model for investigating aerosol dispersion in a simulated COVID-19 patient during high-flow nasal cannula treatment.

The use of high-flow nasal cannula in the treatment of COVID-19 infected patients has proven to be a valuable treatment option to improve oxygenation. Early in the pandemic, there were concerns for the degree of risk of disease transmission to health care workers utilizing these treatments that are considered aerosol generating procedures. This study developed an model to examine the release of simulated patient-derived bioaerosol with and without high-flow nasal cannula at gas flow rates of 30 and 50 L/min.

Housing, HIV outcomes, and related comorbidities in persons living with HIV in Washington, DC.

Housing instability can hinder the ability of people with HIV (PWH) to maintain engagement in care, adhere to antiretroviral (ART) regimens, and achieve viral suppression. This analysis examined the association between housing instability and HIV outcomes, as well as the association between housing status and substance use disorders, mental health disorders, and sexually transmitted infections. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed using data from the DC Cohort, a longitudinal cohort of PWH.

Induced abortion incidence and safety in Burkina Faso in 2020: Results from a population-based survey using direct and social network-based estimation approaches.

This study aims to estimate induced abortion incidence and safety in Burkina Faso using direct and indirect methods, overall and by women's background characteristics. Data come from a nationally representative survey of reproductive aged women (n = 6,388). To address social desirability bias in abortion reporting, we asked about respondents' closest female friends' experience with abortion.

Typologies of women's abortion trajectories in Burkina Faso: findings from a qualitative study.

Background: Abortion is a legally restricted, yet common reproductive life event among women in Burkina Faso; however, women's abortion experiences vary greatly depending on their social and economic capital, partner involvement, and level of knowledge. We sought to classify women's abortion care-seeking experiences across the life course and social conditions into typologies using qualitative data.

Methods: An initial quantitative survey among a nationally representative sample of women ages 15-49 years collected information on women's induced abortion experiences.

Insomnia is a key risk factor for persistent anxiety and depressive symptoms: A 12-month longitudinal cohort study during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Insomnia is a risk factor for affective disorders. This study examined whether individuals with insomnia symptoms early in the pandemic, either pre-existing or new-onset, were more vulnerable to anxiety and depressive symptoms over time than those who maintained normal sleep. Additionally, sleep-related factors such as pre-sleep arousal were assessed for their influence on clinically significant anxiety and depression risk.

Active film packaging based on bio-nanocomposite TiO and cinnamon essential oil for enhanced preservation of cheese quality.

This study involves the preparation of PLA/PBAT composite blend films incorporated with TiO and varying concentrations of cinnamon essential oil. The films were characterised for optical and mechanical properties, chemical composition, thermo-stability, surface hydrophobicity, inhibition of biofilm formation, anti-microbial efficiency against S. aureus and E.

Inflammation as a Therapeutic Target in Cancer Cachexia.

Cachexia is a common complication of cancer and is associated with poor quality of life and a decrease in survival. Many patients with cancer cachexia suffer from inflammation associated with elevated cytokines, such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Single-agent trials to treat cancer cachexia have not led to substantial benefit as the type of cytokine which is elevated has rarely been specified and targeted.

Understanding the Digital Disruption of Health Care: An Ethnographic Study of Real-Time Multidisciplinary Clinical Behavior in a New Digital Hospital.

Background: Understanding electronic medical record (EMR) implementation in digital hospitals has focused on retrospective "work as imagined" experiences of multidisciplinary clinicians, rather than "work as done" behaviors. Our research question was "what is the behavior of multidisciplinary clinicians during the transition to a new digital hospital?"

Objectives: The aim of the study is to: (1) Observe clinical behavior of multidisciplinary clinicians in a new digital hospital using ethnography. (2) Develop a thematic framework of clinical behavior in a new digital hospital.

Obesity in Adults: A 2022 Adapted Clinical Practice Guideline for Ireland.

Background: This Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) for the management of obesity in adults in Ireland, adapted from the Canadian CPG, defines obesity as a complex chronic disease characterised by excess or dysfunctional adiposity that impairs health. The guideline reflects substantial advances in the understanding of the determinants, pathophysiology, assessment, and treatment of obesity.

Summary: It shifts the focus of obesity management toward improving patient-centred health outcomes, functional outcomes, and social and economic participation, rather than weight loss alone.

Recent reconfiguration of an ancient developmental gene regulatory network in Heliocidaris sea urchins.

Changes in developmental gene regulatory networks (dGRNs) underlie much of the diversity of life, but the evolutionary mechanisms that operate on regulatory interactions remain poorly understood. Closely related species with extreme phenotypic divergence provide a valuable window into the genetic and molecular basis for changes in dGRNs and their relationship to adaptive changes in organismal traits. Here we analyse genomes, epigenomes and transcriptomes during early development in two Heliocidaris sea urchin species that exhibit highly divergent life histories and in an outgroup species.

Application of Deep Learning Models to Improve Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Disease Activity Scoring Under Multiple Scoring Systems.

Background And Aims: Lack of clinical validation and inter-observer variability are two limitations of endoscopic assessment and scoring of disease severity in patients with ulcerative colitis [UC]. We developed a deep learning [DL] model to improve, accelerate and automate UC detection, and predict the Mayo Endoscopic Subscore [MES] and the Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity [UCEIS].

Methods: A total of 134 prospective videos [1550 030 frames] were collected and those with poor quality were excluded.

Facilitators and barriers to seeking and engaging with antenatal care in high-income countries: A meta-synthesis of qualitative research.

Inadequate attendance to antenatal care has been associated with negative maternal and fetal outcomes, including stillbirth. This study aimed to identify facilitators and barriers to antenatal care attendance. A systematic search was conducted in March 2019 and updated in January 2021.

The nuanced nature of mesic refugia in arid landscapes: a tale of two peas.

Background And Aims: Understanding how genetic diversity is distributed and maintained within species is a central tenet of evolutionary and conservation biology, yet is understudied in arid regions of the globe. In temperate, glaciated environments, high genetic diversity in plant species is frequently found in refugial areas, which are often associated with southern non-glaciated landscapes. In arid, unglaciated environments, landscape features providing mesic conditions are likely to be refugia, although our understanding needs more refinement in these biomes.

Training cancer caregiver navigators: experiences from implementing the eSNAP and caregiver navigator intervention.

Patient navigation is increasingly common in cancer care. While navigation programs often involve informal family caregivers, few navigation interventions specifically target the family caregiver. We developed the eSNAP and Caregiver Navigator Intervention to help cancer family caregivers identify and capitalize on informal and formal social support resources.