Alignment of Consumers' Expected Brain Benefits from Food and Supplements with Measurable Cognitive Performance Tests.

Consumers often cite cognitive improvements as reasons for making dietary changes or using dietary supplements, a motivation that if leveraged could greatly enhance public health. However, rarely is it considered whether standardized cognitive tests that are used in nutrition research are aligned to outcomes of interest to the consumer. This knowledge gap presents a challenge to the scientific substantiation of nutrition-based cognitive health benefits.

The influence of diet quality on health-related quality of life in undergraduates.

Explore the relationship between fruit and vegetable (FV) intake and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in undergraduates. Undergraduates ( = 655). Using the Centers for Disease Control's Healthy Days Core Module and National Cancer Institute's (NCI) FV screener, differences in HRQOL between students who had consumed above the sample's average FV intake and their counterparts were evaluated.

Relationships of Maternal Employment and Work Impact with Weight-Related Behaviors and Home Environments of Mothers and Their School-Age Children.

The prevalence of obesity continues to rise. Preventing obesity, especially childhood obesity, is critically important. Parents, especially mothers, play a vital role in preventing childhood obesity.

Sexual Minority College Undergraduate Students Have Worse Health-Related Quality of Life, Diet Quality, and Weight Dissatisfaction Than Their Heterosexual Peers.

Objective: Assess the health-related quality of life (HRQOL), diet quality (DQ), and weight dissatisfaction in sexual minority (SM) undergraduates.

Methods: Undergraduates (n = 690) at 2 universities completed a survey assessing HRQOL, body mass index, DQ, and weight dissatisfaction. A multivariate analysis of covariance assessed HRQOL between SM and heterosexual students.

Development and Psychometric Validation of the Athletes' Perceived Body Pressures from Coaches Questionnaire (APBPCQ).

This study aimed to develop a questionnaire to assess male and female athletes' perceived weight and shape pressure from coaches and establish its psychometric properties. Exploratory factor analysis ( = 412 in each female sample 1 and 2) provided evidence for 4 scales for female athletes and 3 scales for male athletes which were confirmed in confirmatory factor analysis ( = 260 in each male sample 1 and 2). For both females and males, KMO testing and Bartlett's test of sphericity indicated that the sampling was adequate and survey items were appropriate for factor analysis.

Maternal Mental Health Status Is Associated with Weight-Related Parenting Cognitions, Home Food Environment Characteristics, and Children's Behaviors.

Women experience anxiety, depression, and stress at higher levels than men and have more parenting responsibilities, especially establishing health practices in the home. Given children's vulnerability, this study aimed to increase understanding of how mothers' mental health status relates to maternal weight-related cognitions, home food environments, and child health via a cross-sectional survey design. In a cluster analysis, using maternal anxiety, depression, and stress assessments, we placed the sample of 531 mothers of school-age children into four clusters: Cluster 1 had the best mental health status, Cluster 2 had high stress, Cluster 3 had anxiety and moderate stress, and Cluster 4 had anxiety, depression, and high stress.

Body Dissatisfaction, Eating Styles, Weight-Related Behaviors, and Health among Young Women in the United States.

Body dissatisfaction is a common condition that poses health behavior risks, such as the use of maladaptive eating styles instead of adaptive eating styles. Few studies have simultaneously examined both adaptive and maladaptive eating styles and their association with body dissatisfaction in a comprehensive manner. To address this gap, this study examined how body dissatisfaction is related to an array of adaptive and maladaptive eating styles, weight-related behaviors, and health status as well as the associations of health status, BMI, and weight-related behaviors with body dissatisfaction in 261 young adult women.

Family Social Support and Weight-Related Behaviors of School-Age Children: An Exploratory Analysis.

Families are a key provider of support that may encourage positive weight-related behaviors. Yet little is known about the relation of family support to children's performance of weight-related behaviors. Mothers (N = 524) who completed an online survey were categorized as having low, moderate, or high family support for fruit/vegetable intake, breakfast intake, limiting sugar-sweetened beverage intake, physical activity, limiting sedentary screentime, and sleep.

HomeStyles-2 for SNAP-Ed families with children in middle childhood: Cluster randomized trial protocol.

Background: Childhood obesity prevention efforts are needed in the United States, especially for families with low income. The purpose of this study is to determine whether HomeStyles-2, a nutrition education and childhood obesity prevention program for families with children in middle childhood (ages 6 to 11 years), motivates parents to re-shape their home environments and weight-related lifestyle practices to be more supportive of meeting national nutrition and physical activity recommendations and weight status of their children more so than those in the control condition.

Methods: A research-practice partnership with Florida's Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed) program was formed to conduct a cluster randomized trial to evaluate the HomeStyles-2 intervention.

Development and Validation of the Young Adult Nutrition Literacy Tool.

Objective: To create a tool to measure college students' functional, interactive, and critical nutrition literacy.

Design: (1) Focus group: item generation, (2) expert review, (3) exploratory factor structure analysis, (4) item refinement and modification, (5) factor structure validation, and (6) criterion validation.

Setting: Two land-grant college campuses.

HomeStyles-2: Randomized controlled trial protocol for a web-based obesity prevention program for families with children in middle childhood.

Background: Parents are children's primary role models, are food and physical activity gatekeepers, and create the home structure/lifestyle environment. Thus, parents strongly influence children's weight-related behaviors and have the opportunity to cultivate a "culture of health" within the home. Yet, there is a dearth of evidence-based obesity prevention intervention programs, especially for families with children aged 6-11 years, commonly called middle childhood.

Disordered eating concerns, behaviors, and severity in young adults clustered by anxiety and depression.

Objectives: Little is known about how anxiety and depression in combination relate to eating disorder concerns (eating, shape, and weight concern) and behaviors (restraint eating, binge eating, and purging) indicative of eating disorder symptom severity. This study examined links among disordered eating concerns, behaviors, and severity clustered by depression and anxiety.

Methods: College students (n = 1792) completed a survey comprised of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) assessing Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and Eating Disorder Exam Questionnaire (EDE-Q) assessing concerns and behaviors indicative of disordered eating.

Food Choice Decisions of Collegiate Division I Athletes: A Qualitative Exploratory Study.

Limited research has examined athletes' food and health beliefs and decisions and the congruence of these decisions with recommendations from nutrition professionals. This study aimed to improve understanding of athletes' food-related beliefs and practices to enable nutrition professionals to more effectively enhance performance while protecting athletes' health. Division I college athletes (n = 14, 64% female) from a variety of sports were recruited to participate in 20-min semi-structured phone interviews about food and nutrition-related behaviors and cognitions.

Family Social Capital: Links to Weight-Related and Parenting Behaviors of Mothers with Young Children.

Family social capital includes the social relationships, values, and norms shared by a family and is positively linked with children's mental and physical health status. This cross-sectional study addresses a gap in the literature related to family social capital vis-à-vis weight-related behaviors and home environments of 557 mothers and their young children (ages 2 to 9 years). Mothers completed an online survey comprised of valid, reliable questionnaires assessing family relationships and weight-related behavioral and home environment measures.

Establishing criterion validity for the Revised Critical Nutrition Literacy Tool in U.S. college students.

Background: Critical nutrition literacy (CNL) plays an important role in how college students make everyday decisions about nutrition choices. Increasing CNL is an aim of many introductory nutrition courses, but there are limited instruments measuring this construct. This study aimed to assess the changeability of CNL and the relationship between CNL and markers of diet quality in young adults.

GAD-7, GAD-2, and GAD-mini: Psychometric properties and norms of university students in the United States.

Objective: The Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7 & GAD-2) scales are reliable and valid instruments for assessing generalized anxiety symptoms in the general and clinical populations. However, little attention has been given to the psychometric qualities of GAD-7 and reduced length versions in a diverse sample of young adult college students stratified by sex. Thus, the aims for this study are to test psychometric properties and normative values of GAD-7, GAD-2, and GAD-Mini scales.

A Comparison of Weight-Related Behaviors of Hispanic Mothers and Children by Acculturation Level.

Hispanic mothers and children in the United States experience a high prevalence of obesity, which may be affected by maternal acculturation level. Little is known about the association of acculturation on weight-related behaviors. This study describes differences in weight-related behaviors by acculturation level of Hispanic mothers residing in the U.

Hassle Exposure and Reactivity Links with Obesogenic Health Behaviors.

In this study, we explored associations between daily "hassles" (irritating inconveniences) and obesogenic health behaviors of college students. Students (N = 406, 62% female) completed a survey including the 5-point Brief College Student Hassle Scale which quantifies hassles experienced in the last month in 9 domains (eg, preparing meals, exercising, adequate sleep) and hassle reactivity (ie, upset from hassles), with scores categorized as low (< 2.5), moderate (≥ 2.

A Comparison of Maternal Health Status and Weight-Related Cognitions, Behaviors, and Home Environments by Race/Ethnicity.

This cross-sectional study compared weight-related cognitions, behaviors, and home environments of 568 mothers of young children (ages 2 to <9 years) by racial/ethnic group. Maternal health status was good and did not differ by race/ethnicity. Mothers were somewhat confident in their ability to promote healthy physical activity and eating behaviors in their children, with White and Asian mothers having greater confidence than Hispanic mothers.