Antibacterial dental restorative materials: A review.

Purpose: To provide updated summary information about antibacterial dental materials, primarily covering the literature from 2012 through 2017.

Methods: A key-worded search was conducted of peer-reviewed literature (Titles/Abstracts) indexed by PubMed databases, constrained to "English" and " dental" publications between the years 2012 and 2017. Key words applied to the search included: antimicrobial, antibacterial, primer, bonding agent, adhesive, cement, composite, liner, sealant, etchant, and core-build-up.

Cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of resin-free and resin-modified direct pulp capping materials: A state-of-the-art review.

Direct pulp capping is the placement of a dental material directly over exposed pulp to prevent dental pulp from dying and avoid the need for root canal treatments. Calcium hydroxide and calcium silicates/mineral trioxide aggregates (MTA) have been commonly used for direct pulp capping with great success clinically. In recent years, resin-modified calcium hydroxide and calcium silicates have been developed with the advantages of precise placement, command set, and superior physical strength.

Effect of silane contamination on dentin bond strength.

Statement Of Problem: Intraoral repair of porcelain or other silica-based ceramics typically requires the use of silane in the repair protocol. Some porcelain intraoral repairs also involve bonding to exposed or involved tooth tissues including dentin. A study is needed to evaluate whether the cross-contamination of dentin with silane affects bond strength to this tissue.

Effects of light-, self-, and tack-curing on degree of conversion and physical strength of dual-cure resin cements.

Purpose: To evaluate the polymerization degree of conversion (DC) and physical strength of dual-cure cements with tack-curing, and compare them to those with light-curing and self-curing resins.

Methods: Four dual-cure resin cements were evaluated by DC and diametral tensile strength (DTS) tests with three different polymerization methods: Light-cure (photo-polymerization 40 seconds, self-curing 30 minutes); Self-cure (self-curing 30 minutes); and Tack-cure (photo-polymerization 3 seconds, self-curing 30 minutes). Polymerization degree of conversion was determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and calculated based on the ratio changes of aliphatic-to-aromatic C=C IR absorption peaks before and after polymerized.

Bioactive dental restorative materials: a review.

Purpose: To present an updated knowledge on the remineralizing dental restorative materials and their performance in vivo and/or in vitro.

Methods: A search of English peer-reviewed dental literature over the last 30 years from PubMed and MEDLINE databases was conducted, and the key words included: remineralization, pulp capping, restoration, composite, cement, primer, bonding, adhesive, liner and sealant. Titles and abstracts of the articles listed from search results were reviewed and evaluated for appropriateness.

Effect of incorporating BisGMA resin on the bonding properties of silane and zirconia primers.

Statement Of Problem: Some silane primers and some zirconia primers contain extra resins such as bisphenol A glycol dimethacrylate (BisGMA) in their formulations for better wetting. No studies exist on the bonding properties of zirconia and silane primers, which contain extra resins.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of incorporating BisGMA resin on the bonding properties of silane and zirconia primers.

Effect of hydrophilicity on the compatibility between a dual-curing resin cement and one-bottle simplified adhesives.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of the hydrophilicity of adhesives on the compatibility between one-bottle simplified adhesives and a dual-curing resin cement.

Materials And Methods: Three experimental and two commercial adhesives (All-Bond Universal, OptiBond Allin- One) with the same or similar pH and various degrees of hydrophilicity were tested in this study. Extracted human dentin was treated with each adhesive and bonded with a dual-curing resin cement (Duolink), which was either light cured or chemically (self) cured (n = 10).

Antibacterial dental restorative materials: a state-of-the-art review.

This review presents an updated knowledge on the antibacterial dental restorative materials and their performance clinically and in the laboratory. A search of English peer-reviewed dental literature over the last 30 years from PubMed and MEDLINE databases was conducted, and the key words included antibacterial, antimicrobial, dental, primer, adhesive, bonding agent, cement, and composite. Titles and abstracts of the articles listed from search results were reviewed and evaluated for relevancy.

Bonding of primed zirconia ceramics: evidence of chemical bonding and improved bond strengths.

Purpose: To investigate changes of zirconia surface hydrophobicity (contact angle) following the application of a zirconia primer as a function of post-priming storage period and after exposure to harsh conditions and to analyze whether there is a chemical bond formation between a zirconia primer and zirconia ceramics.

Methods: Zirconia ceramics were treated with a zirconia primer (ZPrime Plus, Bisco), left undisturbed for specific times (reaction time), followed by ultrasonic cleansing in ethanol or acetone bath, and then contact angles were measured (n = 10). The primed zirconia ceramics were also subjected to harsh conditions (strong acid or boiling water) prior to contact angle testing.

Evaluation of silica-coating techniques for zirconia bonding.

Purpose: To evaluate silica-coating/silane treatment techniques for zirconia bonding.

Methods: 19 groups of zirconia disks were subjected to different surface treatments: polished or sandblasted by CoJet or alumina, and treatment with silane or zirconia primers (containing phosphate- or phosphonate-monomer). After surface treatments, the zirconia disks were cemented with resin cements and stored in deionized water for 2 hours at 370 degrees C prior to shear bond strength testing.

Formation of gaps at the filler-resin interface induced by polymerization contraction stress: Gaps at the interface.

Objectives: To investigate the movement of resin matrix with respect to the filler particles of filled composites during their photo cure without or with polymerization contraction stress (PCS).

Methods: Two types of composites were prepared. Glass beads as macroscopic fillers were placed into the center of a bis-GMA/TEGDMA resin to make single bead-embedding "composites" and a variety of fillers of different compositions, sizes, and shapes were mixed with another bis-GMA/TEGDMA resin to make lightly filled composites.

Insufficient cure under the condition of high irradiance and short irradiation time.

Objectives: To investigate if and why a plasma arc curing (PAC) light tends to undercure methacrylate-based resins or resin composites.

Methods: Model dimethacrylate resins, commercial dental adhesives, and commercial resin composites were cured using a PAC light and a halogen light with the similar radiant exposures but different combinations of irradiance and irradiation time. The degree of double bond conversion (DC) was measured with FTIR spectroscopy and analyzed as a function of radiant exposure.

Composite-to-composite microtensile bond strength in the repair of a microfilled hybrid resin: effect of surface treatment and oxygen inhibition.

Purpose: To compare the 24-h microtensile bond strength of a microfilled hybrid composite to the same material after mechanical and/or chemical treatment and assess the effect of oxygen inhibition on the composite-composite bond.

Materials And Methods: Forty composite cylinders of Gradia Direct Anterior (GC) were prepared and stored 24 h prior to the following surface treatments: 50-microm aluminum oxide air abrasion and 37% phosphoric acid etching (group 1); hydrochloric acid and 6.9% hydrofluoric acid etching (group 2); diamond bur roughening and 37% phosphoric acid etching (group 3); diamond bur roughening (group 4).

Effect of oxygen inhibition on composite repair strength over time.

The study was aimed at examining whether an oxygen inhibition layer is required for bonding a repairing to a pre-existing composite, and to determine the time required for free radicals within a composite substrate to decay to the extent that the composite repair strength drops significantly. Ten slabs of Gradia Direct Anterior (GC Corp.) were divided into (1) control group: an interfacial oxygen inhibition layer was created by applying and light-curing two layers of bonding resin (D/E Resin, Bisco) to the slabs surface in atmospheric air; (2) experimental group: the absence of an interfacial oxygen inhibition layer was obtained by light-curing the second bonding resin layer in a nitrogen atmosphere.

Translucent quartz-fiber post luted in vivo with self-curing composite cement: case report and microscopic examination at a two-year clinical follow-up.

A maxillary central incisor with mild periodontitis and extensive loss of coronal tooth structure was endodontically treated and restored with a translucent quartz-fiber post and a composite core. Treatment was completed with the cementation of full-ceramic crowns on teeth 11 and 21. Informed consent was obtained from the patient.

Effect of resin hydrophilicity on tracer penetration. A preliminary study.

Purpose: To evaluate, by transmission electron microscopy, the extent of silver nitrate penetration into four polymerized resin blends with increasing degree of hydrophilicity after a period of 24 hours.

Methods: The uncured resin was polymerized in an experimental composite inlay processing chamber under a pressurized nitrogen atmosphere maintained at 551.6 KPa and light-activated for one complete cycle at 125 degrees C for 10 minutes.

Cure kinetics of composites using video imaging.

Purpose: To study the rate of curing, three composites, Heliomolar (Vivadent), Z100 (3M), and Renew (Bisco) were investigated

Methods: Volumetric shrinkage was measured at 25 degrees C using the Acuvol with an RG610 red filter. The dynamic measurements were made in the single view mode.

Results: Detailed kinetic studies for Renew determined the effect of varying the light intensity (100mW - 500mW) and irradiation time (3 seconds - 30 seconds) on the rate of curing.

Oxygen-inhibited layer in adhesion dentistry.

Purpose: Characteristics of the oxygen-inhibited layer, including bond strength, photoinitiator decomposition, and post-curing degree of conversion, were investigated.

Materials And Methods: To investigate shear bond strength, BisCover (Bisco, Inc., Schaumburg, IL, USA) and D/E Resin (Bisco, Inc.

Factors contributing to the incompatibility between simplified-step adhesives and chemically-cured or dual-cured composites. Part III. Effect of acidic resin monomers.

Purpose: This study examined the polymerization kinetics of acid-contaminated light- and chemically-cured resins with the use of differential scanning calorimetry.

Materials And Methods: Light-cured and chemically-cured versions of an experimental bis-GMA/TEG-DMA resin at the ratio (w:w) of 62:38 were prepared. Four acidic resin monomers with either carboxylic (DSDM and MAA) or phosphoric functional groups (MP and 2MP) were added at a 10 wt% concentration to these resins to simulate the intermixing of resin composites and unpolymerized acidic monomers along the adhesive-composite interface of simplified-step dentin adhesives.

Factors contributing to the incompatibility between simplified-step adhesives and self-cured or dual-cured composites. Part II. Single-bottle, total-etch adhesive.

Purpose: As adhesives containing hydrophilic/acidic resin components are vulnerable to water movement after polymerization, this study tested the hypothesis that coupling of a single-bottle adhesive (OptiBond Solo Plus) to self/dual-cured composites is compromised by adhesive permeability, even with the adjunctive use of chemical co-initiators.

Materials And Methods: Two versions of chemical co-initiators (activators) were investigated: the proprietary resin-containing OptiBond Solo Plus Activator (A), and a resin-free solution of 2% benzene sulphinic acid sodium salt in ethanol (B). For microtensile bond testing, hydrated (H) or dehydrated (D) bonded human dentin were coupled to a dual-cured composite (Bis-Core) under light- (L) or self-activation (C) mode.

New concepts and technology for processing of indirect composites.

Indirect composites are becoming more popular as technology yields materials with increased mechanical properties while reducing occlusal wear with opposing teeth. Several of the indirect systems currently on the market use both light and heat catalysts in the same resin, which results in higher polymerization rates than light-curing alone. However, the order in which the indirect restoration is exposed to pressure and light may make a difference in the final properties of the prosthesis.

A new resin technology: a glaze/composite sealant that cures without forming an oxygen-inhibited layer.

Until now, intraoral composite resin sealants cured with an oxygen-inhibited layer. In addition, resin glazes used for temporaries and processed appliances could not be used intraorally. This article describes the strategies behind the development of a new resin product that can be used intra- and extraorally as a sealant/glaze without forming an oxygen-inhibited layer after curing.

A study of the compatibility of adhesives with composites.

A decade ago, the revolution in adhesion dentistry brought the profession to the basic three-step adhesives, such as ALL-BOND 2 and Adper Scotchbond MP, which were at the time deemed as fourth generation. However, the recent trend in adhesive products is to simplify the steps into two steps or even a single step to make them, possibly, more user-friendly and time saving. Subsequent naming led to a "generation battle.

Volumetric shrinkage of composites using video-imaging.

Objective: This study involves investigation of the use of video-imaging for measurement of volumetric shrinkage of composites.

Methods: Six composites were tested for volumetric shrinkage using video-imaging. The volumetric shrinkage was measured using the single- and multi-view volumetric reconstruction modes.