Vaccination and Multiple Sclerosis - Current Situation.

Active immunization of patients with autoimmune diseases is a current challenge. Vaccination of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) has been shown not to be associated with increased risk of exacerbation. A personalized approach to immunization of this group of patients is required, taking account of ongoing therapy and the nature of the course of illness.

[Results of a multicentre double-blind randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of Mexidol in the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children (MEGA)].

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of two dosing regimens of Mexidol film-coated tablets, 125 mg («RPC «PHARMASOFT» LLC Russia), compared with placebo in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) aged 6 to 12 years.

Material And Methods: A multicenter randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 3 parallel groups was conducted in 14 clinical centres of the Russian Federation to assess efficacy and safety of Mexidol film-coated tablets, 125 mg («RPC «PHARMASOFT» LLC Russia) in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children 6-12 years old with different dosing regimens. The study involved 333 boys and girls aged 6 to 12 years with a confirmed diagnosis of ADHD established in accordance with ICD-10 and DSM-5 criteria.

[Vaccination and multiple sclerosis at the present stage].

Immunization of the patients with autoimmune diseases is rising a lot of concerns. It was previously demonstrated that vaccination in MS patients was not associated with an increased risk of exacerbations. A personalized approach is needed to define the immunization schedule.

[Clinical observation experience of a pediatric patient with primary progressive multiple sclerosis in the Moscow office for the treatment of children and adolescents with multiple sclerosis].

Objective: To demonstrate the experience of a personalized approach to the treatment of pediatric patients with multiple sclerosis using the example of the Moscow patient population.

Materials And Methods: The authors describe the clinical follow-up of 79 pediatric patients with demyelinating diseases of the nervous system during 2019, including 39 patients with multiple sclerosis, including one patient with a primary progressive course of the disease (clinical case).

Results: The experience of the Moscow office for the treatment of multiple sclerosis in children and adolescents demonstrates the effectiveness of the personalized approach to the treatment of pediatric cases confirmed by the case report of biological therapy by recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody directed against CD20-expressing B-cells for early treatment of the adolescent patient with primary progressive multiple sclerosis.

The Role of Field Training in STEM Education: Theoretical and Practical Limitations of Scalability.

In this article, we consider the features of the perception of student information in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education, in order to draw the attention of researchers to the topic of learning in practice through field training. The article shows the results of these studies in Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS countries: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan, as an example) to reflect the global trends. For this purpose, we examined the expectations of students in Russia and the CIS countries from training related to lectures and field training.

[Therapy of perinatal brain injury outcomes: results of a multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled randomized study of tenoten for children (liquid dosage form)].

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tenoten for children (a novel liquid pediatric formulation) in the treatment of perinatal brain injury (PBI) outcomes.

Material And Methods: The multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial enrolled 184 children (aged 29 days-9 months) with the total score 12-27 according to Djurba-Mastukova scale and the level of physical development 25-75 centiles. Patients were randomized into tenoten (10 drops per day) and placebo groups.

[Clinical cases of multiple sclerosis in children with cerebral palsy].

The careful differential diagnosis is very important in pediatric cases of multiple sclerosis (MS). It has special difficulties, if MS started in patients with residual neurological pathology. Two cases of development of MS in children with cerebral palsy (CP) are presented.

Water deficit disrupts male gametophyte development in Quercus ilex.

Tree species distribution, and hence forest biodiversity, relies on the reproductive capacity of trees, which is currently affected by climate change. Drought-induced pollen sterility could increase as a consequence of more intense and more frequent droughts projected for temperate and Mediterranean regions, and threaten the sexual regeneration of trees in these regions. To evaluate this possibility, we examined the effect of long-term partial rainfall exclusion (-27% precipitation) on male reproductive development in holm oak, Quercus ilex, one of the most important and widespread tree species of the Mediterranean region.

[Experience of application of Russian biosimilar of interferon beta-1b for treatment of pediatric multiple sclerosis].

Aim: To evaluate efficacy and safety of biosimilars of interferon beta-1b (Infibeta) in patients aged 14 to 17 years.

Material And Methods: Interferon beta 1b (Infibeta) was appointed 9 children and adolescents (4 boys and 5 girls) between the ages of 14 to 17 years (mean age of onset of therapy 16.22±1.

[Disease-modifying drugs in pediatric patients with multiple sclerosis].

The vast majority of therapies are being evaluated and introduced for the treatment of adult multiple sclerosis (MS). A role of these drugs in the management of pediatric MS has yet to be defined both in Russia and in the whole world. Despite the fact that today the study of new drugs in the pediatric population have included in routine practices of the big pharmaceutical agencies, such as FDA and EMA, recommendations for the treatment of pediatric patients with MS are based not so much on a long period of systematic clinical research, but on professional consensus of international expert associations, in particular, the International pediatric multiple sclerosis study group (IPMSSG).

[Differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis with pediatric onset: the experience of the Moscow Division for treatment of children and adolescents with multiple sclerosis].

The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis in children and adolescence should be differentiated from a group of rare white matter diseases, with fuzzy diagnostic criteria. Some of these conditions require modern diagnostic techniques and wide knowledge of the doctor. The Moscow Division for treatment of children and adolescents with multiple sclerosis is a specialized advisory structure, which has specialists with experience in the differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis with pediatric onset.

[Management of cognitive impairment in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy treated with pantocalcin].

A randomized study on the efficacy and safety of the hopantenic acid preparation (pantocalcin) and its effect on cognitive functions in children with cerebral palsy (CCP) has been carried out. The positive effect of pantocalcin on the visual memory and attention concentration, activity and fatigability has been shown. At the same time, there was a decrease of anxiety in children and adolescents with CCP.

[Assessment of the size of the thalamus as a method for the evaluation of the activity of neurodegenerative process after the treatment with cerebrolisin in young patients with multiple sclerosis].

The aim of the study was to describe the atrophy of the thalamus in young patients with active relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS) treated with cerebrolysin. Eighteen MS patients (mean age 20.10±0.

[Children cerebral palsy and epilepsy: approaches to treatment and rehabilitation].

Epilepsy is one of the most frequent and difficult for treatment co-morbid disease of cerebral palsy. In therapeutic aspect, the difficulty of the problem is defined by the necessity to combine the active restoration of motor disorders with a regime of antiepileptic treatment. It leads frequently to stopping the restoration process and aggravation of patient's motor disability.

[Family's adherence to treatment of the child with a neurological pathology].

Neurological diseases, mental disorders and inherited developmental abnormalities held a prominent place in the structure of primary children disability. Children cerebral palsy is the main cause of children disability, its prevalence reaching 2-3.5 cases per 1000 children.

[The comparative study of efficacy and tolerability of intramuscular introduction of beta-interferon-1a in adults and adolescents with remitting multiple sclerosis].

The experience of the treatment of patients with remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) with intramuscular introduction of beta-interferon-1a (avonex) is presented. Seventeen children and adolescents, aged from 11 to 18 years, and 55 adults, aged over 55 years, were treated for at least one-year period. Results revealed a significant reduction of exacerbations in both groups (from 1.

[Lipids of neocortex after X-ray irradiation of the rat head at a dose of 200 Gy].

X-ray irradiation at a dose of 200 Gy with local exposure of the rat head induced the change of the lipid content in the neocortex tissue. The amount of phosphatidylinositol was decreased, the amount of free fatty acids, diglycerols, sphingomyelin was increased, and the amount of cholesterol had a growth trend in 2 h after X-ray exposition. The results testify in favor of participation of phosphatidylinositol- and sphingomyelin-relating signal systems and cholesterol in early stages of the cerebral radiation syndrome.

Consensus statement: evaluation of new and existing therapeutics for pediatric multiple sclerosis.

New therapies are being evaluated by clinical trials and, if efficacious, introduced for the treatment of adult MS. The role of these new and existing agents in the management of pediatric MS has yet to be defined. Pediatric investigation plans are now required by the Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency for approval of new biological agents, providing an important opportunity to gather much-needed data for clinicians caring for children and adolescents with MS.

Family Analysis of Linkage and Association of HLA-DRB1, CTLA4, TGFB1, IL4, CCR5, RANTES, MMP9 and TIMP1 Gene Polymorphisms with Multiple Sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Proteins of the immune system, as well as proteins that are involved in the infiltration of activated immune cells in the CNS, play an important role in the pathogenesis of MS. We investigated the association and linkage with MS of the following immune-system genes polymorphisms: HLA-DRB1,CTLA4,TGFB1,IL4,CCR5 andRANTES, as well as of the matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase  1 (TIMP1) genes polymorphisms.

[Analysis of linkage and association of alleles of proinflammatory cytokines genes IL-6, IFNg and TNF with multiple sclerosis using transmission disequilibrium test (TDT)].

Proinflammatory cytokines Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interferon-gamma (IFNg) and Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are known as participants of inflammation and play an important role in pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Based on literature data about influence of SNPs G(-308)A of TNF gene, A(+874)T of IFNG gene and G(-174)C of IL-6 gene on production of these cytokines, we investigated association of these polymorphic sites with MS. Linkage and association of alleles of these genes with MS was analyzed by transmission disequilibrium test (TDT).

Lipids of nuclear fractions from neurons and glia of rat neocortex under conditions of artificial hypobiosis.

Lipid contents were studied in tissue and nuclei isolated from neurons and glia of neocortex of rats under conditions of normothermia and in the state of artificial hypobiosis caused by hypothermia-hypoxia-hypercapnia. Compared to the neocortex tissue, both nuclear fractions were fivefold impoverished in phospholipids and cholesterol and strongly enriched with mono- and diglycerides and fatty acids. The nuclear fractions from neurons and glia contained similar amounts of phospholipids, and only the cardiolipin content in the neuronal nuclei was lower than in the glial nuclei.

Anti-myelin antibodies modulate clinical expression of childhood multiple sclerosis.

Anti-myelin basic protein (MBP) antibodies in pediatric-onset MS and controls were characterized. Serum samples were obtained from 94 children with MS and 106 controls. Paired CSF and serum were obtained from 25 children with MS at time of their initial episode of acute demyelinating syndrome (ADS).

Clinical features and viral serologies in children with multiple sclerosis: a multinational observational study.

Background: The full spectrum of clinical manifestations and outcome, and the potential importance of regional or demographic features or viral triggers in paediatric multiple sclerosis (MS), has yet to be fully characterised. Our aim was to determine some of these characteristics in children with MS.

Methods: 137 children with MS and 96 control participants matched by age and geographical region were recruited in a multinational study.

[Effective treatment of multiple sclerosis with rebif-22 mcg in children and adolescences: results of a long-term study].

Management from an early age and availability of new treatment options have changed the outcome of paediatric patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Currently available for treatment of MS in adults, such drugs as interferons beta and copolymer-1 are not widely used in paediatric neurological practice. The present long-term study of the effect of interferon beta la (rebif-22 mcg) included 20 children with MS from Moscow population.