Extrusion fountains are hallmarks of chromosome organization emerging upon zygotic genome activation.

The first activation of gene expression during development (zygotic genome activation, ZGA) is accompanied by massive changes in chromosome organization. The connection between these two processes remains unknown. Using Hi-C for zebrafish embryos, we found that chromosome folding starts by establishing "fountains", novel elements of chromosome organization, emerging selectively at enhancers upon ZGA.

Silver Vapor Supersonic Jets: Expansion Dynamics, Cluster Formation, and Film Deposition.

Supersonic jets of metal vapors with carrier gas are promising for producing nanostructured metal films at relatively low source temperatures and high deposition rates. However, the effects of the carrier gas on the jet composition and expansion dynamics, as well as on film properties, remain virtually unexplored. In this work, the free-jet expansion of a mixture of silver vapor with helium in a rarefied regime at an initial temperature of 1373 K is investigated through mass spectrometry and direct-simulation Monte Carlo methods.

The analysis of methylation of DNA promoter of SFRP2 gene in patients with hyperplastic processes of the endometrium.

Unlabelled: The hyperplastic processes of the endometrium can arise not only against the background of excessive influence of estrogen, but also against the background of epigenetic damages that affect apoptosis, cell proliferation, differentiation, and adhesion, and DNA reparation. The aim of our study was to investigate and analyze the status of methylation of the promoter of SFRP2 gene in patients with hyperplastic processes of the endometrium.

Materials And Methods: The study groups were the following: I - patients with endometrial hyperplasia (EH, n = 9); II - patients with endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN, n = 10), III - control groups: 1) with endometrial cancer (EC, n = 4), and 2) healthy women (n = 4).

Laparoscopic Treatment in Children with Hydatid Cyst of the Liver.

Background: There is no consensus on the surgical treatment of children with hydatid cyst of the liver (HCL). We evaluated the outcomes of laparoscopic and open surgery for childhood HCL.

Methods: We performed 81 open surgery and laparoscopic procedures in 37 (45.

[The complications of intestinal stoma in children].

Aim: To investigate the complications of intestinal stoma in children and to develop measures for decrease of their incidence.

Material And Methods: The study included 152 children with congenital and acquired gastrointestinal pathology requiring surgical treatment with the imposition of intestinal stoma. Atresia of intestinal tube was observed in 28 (18.

[Up-to-date approaches in treatment of hydatid disease of the liver in childhood].

Sixty children (age 3-15 years) with hydatid disease of the liver were treated. The patients were divided into 2 equal groups (control and main groups).The hydatid disease of the liver was revealed in 22 (33.

[Use of impase in the therapy of erectile dysfunction].

Efficacy of impasse in therapy of sexual dysfunctions of vascular genesis was studied in 38 male patients aged 35-68 years. The drug was taken for 2 months. The control was conducted with ultrasonic dopplerography.

[Application of the preparation "vitamax" in the complex treatment of chronic prostatitis complicated by sexual dysfunction].

A multivitamin complex Vitamax was given to 65 patients with chronic prostatitis who retained sexual disorders after basic treatment. Mean age of the men was 41 +/- 10 years (25-67 years). The efficacy of the drug was assessed by the data obtained with Male Copulative Function questionnaire.

[Reciprocal relation of proliferative activity in central and peripheral zones of splenic organ culture exposed to vilon in rats of various ages].

There was studied in spleen organotypic tissue culture the effect of vilon on the development of of proliferative activity in central and peripheral fields of explants of rats of various age: 3 days, 3 weeks and 2 years old. Vilon stimulated cell proliferation both in young and old rats, in spite of all there are reciprocal relations of this process in central and peripheral fields in the spleen organotypic culture of rats of various age.

[Characteristics of effect of ultralow doses of vilon in organotypic culture of spleens from rats of various ages].

There was studied the effect of vilon ultrasmall dose in the spleen organotypic tissue culture of rats of various age. The data obtained suggest that vilon ultrasmall dose (10(-9)-10(-13) M) exerted expressive effect on the explants development. This effect of effect of vilon ultrasmall dose can be used by the therapy, namely in the geriatric practice.

[Spitz nevus (juvenile nevus) of the penile skin].

Compound spindle cell and epithelioid cell nevus (Spitz nevus) at the anterior surface of the penile skin in a 31-year-old patient is described. The histological structure of the tumor is discussed in terms of differential diagnosis.

[Effectiveness of hypoxic hypoxia as a means of protecting the body from ionizing radiation exposure with the use of sodium oxybutyrate and mexamine].

While exerting a pronounced antihypoxic action on the body of white mice under nypoxic hypoxia, a combination of sodium hydroxybutyrate and mexamine given in comparatively low doses (100 and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively) did not remove the radioprotective effect of hypoxic hypoxia. In hemic and histotoxic hypoxia the drugs did not exhibit any antihy-oxic action.

[Effect of graded hypoxia and sodium oxybutyrate on the EEG of monkeys].

The effect on the EEG of a gaseous hypoxic mixture with 10 per cent of oxygen per se and with superimposed action of sodium oxybutyrate in a dose of 50 mg/kg was investigated in tests on macacas rhesus. Following introduction of sodium oxybutyrate an elimination of deviations from the initial EEG findings was registered.

[Differences in the efficacy of gutimine alpha-ketoglutarate in the hypoxic and motor forms of hypoxia].

When used in a dose of 100 mg/kg gutimine alpha-ketogluterate exerts a pronounced antihypoxic action in hypo- and normabaric hpoxic hypoxia ("lifting" albino mice in a pressure chamber to an "altitude" of 10000 m, rarefaction down to 198.7 mm of Hg, PO2--42 mm Hg, the chamber atmosphere containing 5.4 vol % of oxygen with the animals placed in the hermetically sealed chamber containing 5% of oxygen and 95% of nitrogen at 760 mm Hg).

[Protective effect of sodium hydroxybutyrate and mexamine on the body and cerebral cortex neurons during hypoxia].

Experiments on white non-pure male mice have established that NA oxybutirate in doses 100 mg/kg and mexamine in doses 2.5 mg/kg possess antihypoxic properties in conditions of severe hypoxia corresponding to a height of 10 000 m. In a combined introduction of Na oxybutirate and mexamine in the above-mentioned doses there is an increase of their antihypoxic action.

[Comparative study of the effectiveness of several antihypoxic agents and their combinations].

In 30--60 minutes following their administration sodium oxybutyrate in a dose of 100 mg/kg, mexamine in a dose of 2.5 and 5 mg/kg and also gutimine in doses of 25,50 and 100 mg/kg under conditions of hypoxic hypoxia corresponding to an altitude of 10000 m produce a marked antihypoxic effect. A combination of sodium oxybutyrate in the above dose, of mexamine in amounts of 1,2.

[Study of antihypoxic properties and toxicity of mexamine (5-methoxytryptamine)].

On its introduction to mongrel albino mice in doses of 1 to 200 mg/kg mexamine (5-methoxytryptamine) exerted a marked antihypoxic action in conditions of hypoxic hypoxia (a "rise" in the pressure chamber to an altitude of 8000 to 10 000 m) 5--180 minutes after administration of the drug. The possibility of reducing the toxicity of mexamine through preventive introduction of the agent in a dose of 1 mg/kg was established. With such a modification of the toxicity no mitigation of the antihypoxic effectiveness of the basic dose of the agent is observed.