Hair Growth-Promoting Activities of Glycosaminoglycans Extracted from the Tunics of Ascidian ().

Throughout the ages, hair has had psychological and sociological importance in framing the personality and general appearance of an individual. Despite efforts to solve this problem, no groundbreaking measures have been proposed. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and associated proteoglycans have important functions in homeostatic maintenance and regenerative processes of the skin.

Nutritional quality variation in dried Pacific Oyster () using hybrid-pump dryer under different heating treatment.

This study explored the potential of using hybrid pump dryer (HPD) to utilize overproduction in aquaculture of oysters, especially during winter. HPD-dried oysters maybe used as amendments for , a traditional Korean side dish, for possible nutrient source and flavor enhancer. Oysters were subjected to different heating treatments and evaluated for proximate composition, quality characteristics, and antioxidant activities.

Characterization of hyaluronic acid extracted from Liparis tessellatus eggs grafted with phenolic acids and nisin.

In polymer therapeutics, polymer-based carrier systems conjugated with antioxidants have been synthesized and studied to improve diagnosis and treatment of diseases, such as, in cancer and tumor. The natural bioactive compound hyaluronic acid (HA), which is essential in medical and pharmaceutical fields, is a linear polymer composed of repeating disaccharide units of β-1,3-N-acetyl glucosamine and β-1,4-glucuronic acid. In this study, HA fractions of enzyme-assisted glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) extract from Liparis tessellatus eggs were grafted with gallic acid (GA), caffeic acid (CA), and ferulic acid (FA) via a free radical-mediated method, and with nisin via amide bond formation.

Biocompatibility and structural characterization of glycosaminoglycans isolated from heads of silver-banded whiting (Sillago argentifasciata Martin & Montalban 1935).

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were extracted from heads of silver-banded whiting (SBW) fish and subjected to preliminary biocompatibility testing per ISO 10993: intracutaneous irritation, maximization sensitization, systemic toxicity, and cytotoxicity. When the GAG solution was injected intradermally, the observed irritation was within ISO limits and comparable to a marketed control. There was no evidence of sensitization, systemic toxicity, or cellular toxicity on the test organisms treated with the GAG mixture from SBW fish heads.

Skin regeneration effect of the Glycosaminoglycans from Liparis tessellatus eggs.

A purified Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) extract from L. tessellatus eggs was enzyme-hydrolyzed and then fractionated with DEAE-Sepharose column chromatography. The fractions were subsequently subjected to skin regeneration effects analysis against skin fibroblast (CCD-986sk) cell lines.

Hyaluronidase-inhibitory activities of glycosaminoglycans from Liparis tessellatus eggs.

Polysaccharide fractions isolated from L. tessellatus eggs were purified and eluted using the DEAE-sepharose fast flow column. These were collected, tested and pooled based on their sugars content: F1, F2, and F3 which contain 26.

Processing optimization of restructured jerky from sea rainbow trout frame muscle.

This study determined optimal drying temperature and time on the moisture content, hardness, and overall sensory acceptance of restructured jerky from sea rainbow trout frame muscle (RJ-SRTF) using response surface methodology. The optimal drying conditions with respect to the above variables were 67.2°C for drying temperature and 8.

Comparison of collagen characteristics of sea- and freshwater-rainbow trout skin.

Proximate composition, volatile basic nitrogen content, and concentrations of collagen in skin samples from either sea- (S-RT) or freshwater-rainbow trout (F-RT) were characterized and compared, to assess the effect of the sea or freshwater habitat on these parameters. Results of amino acid composition, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, thermal denaturation assay and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy of acid-soluble collagens were comparable between the two sample sets. Both acid-soluble collagens from sea- and freshwater-rainbow trout skins contained glycine as the major amino acid and high alanine, proline, and hydroxyproline contents, and was found to be predominantly composed of α1-, α2-, and β-chains.

Enzyme-assisted extraction of anticoagulant polysaccharide from Liparis tessellatus eggs.

This study aimed to recover a heparin-like anticoagulant polysaccharide from Liparis tessellatus eggs (PLE) by using enzyme-assisted extraction technique. Extraction experiments were carried out using three different enzymes (Alcalase®2.4 L, Flavourzyme®500 MG, and Protamex®) under different conditions of temperature (45, 50, and 55°C), pH (6.

Ascidian tunicate extracts attenuate rheumatoid arthritis in a collagen-induced murine model.

Murine rheumatoid arthritis models are often used to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of candidate drugs. The present study has been conducted in order to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of ascidian tunicate extracts in a collagen-induced arthritis DBA1/J mice model. Four types of formulas, ascidian tunicate extracts (ATE), crude ascidian tunicate glycans (ATEC), ascidian tunicate extracts with licorice extracts (ATEL), and crude ascidian tunicate glycans with licorice extracts (ATECL) were orally administered into DBA/1J mice for 3 weeks and paw edema and thickness were evaluated.

Nutraceutical functionalities of polysaccharides from marine invertebrates.

Many researchers are seeking functional materials from marine resources. These marine resources can be used as traditional food additives, and specifically, these are based on polysaccharides. To date, there is a big opportunity to develop new high-value added products with indispensable functional characteristics, which can be used in nutraceuticals either as additives or supplements.

Synthesis and electro-optical properties of carbazole-substituted pyrene derivatives.

Mono and dicarbazole-substituted pyrene derivatives, 9H-carbazol-9-ylpyrene (MCzP) and 1,6-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)pyrene (DCzP), with dual-purpose function as a blue emitting and charge transporting layer in organic light emitting diodes, were synthesized and characterized. These series of molecules consisted of an electron donating (D) carbazole and an electron accepting (A) pyrene in D-A and D-A-D shapes. Non-doped blue electroluminescent devices with the configurations of ITO (150 nm)/alpha-NPD (30 nm)/DCzP (40 nm)/LiF (1 nm)/Al (150 nm) (D1) and ITO (150 nm)/2-TNATA (15 nm)/alpha-NPD (20 nm)/DCzP (40 nm)/BCP (15 nm)/Alq3 (10 nm)/LiF (1 nm)/Al (120 nm) (D2) were fabricated.

The electro-optical behavior of liquid crystal molecules on the surface of SiO2 inorganic thin films.

Inorganic thin films are well known for the liquid crystal alignment layers for LCoS application due to the higher thermal and photochemical stability of inorganic materials. The switching time of liquid crystals is the important factor for the projection application and the faster switching time is required for the high quality display. The switching behavior of liquid crystal molecules on inorganic thin films might be closely related with the surface properties of the inorganic thin films.

Growth inhibition of foodborne and pathogenic bacteria by conjugated linoleic acid.

The influence of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the growth of some foodborne and pathogenic bacteria was examined. A potassium salt of CLA (CLA-K) was tested against three Gram-positive strains ( Bacillus cereus , Staphylococcus aureus , and Streptococcus mutans ) and five Gram-negative strains ( Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Salmonella typhimurium , Vibrio parahemolyticus , Klebsiella pneumoniae , and Proteus mirabilis ). CLA-K-mediated growth inhibition was evident for all tested strains, particularly the Gram-positive strains.

Enzymatic hydrolysis of recovered protein from frozen small croaker and functional properties of its hydrolysates.

Fish protein isolate were recovered from frozen small croaker using pH shift. The partial enzymatic hydrolysates were fractionated as soluble and insoluble parts. They were dried using the drum dryer and their functional properties were examined.

Chondroitin sulfate extracted from ascidian tunic inhibits phorbol ester-induced expression of Inflammatory factors VCAM-1 and COX-2 by blocking NF-kappaB activation in mouse skin.

Inflammatory factors are known to play a key role in promoting tumorigenesis; therefore, it is a promising strategy to inhibit the inflammation for cancer prevention. The current study was performed to investigate the potential effects of chondroitin sulfate (CS) extracted from ascidian tunic on the expression of inflammatory factors induced by treatment with 12- O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism of CS action in mouse skin inflammation. TPA was topically applied to the shaven backs of ICR mice with or without CS (1 or 2 mg) for 4 h.

Chondroitin sulfate extracted from the Styela clava tunic suppresses TNF-alpha-induced expression of inflammatory factors, VCAM-1 and iNOS by blocking Akt/NF-kappaB signal in JB6 cells.

Inflammatory mediators are known to play a key role in tumorigenesis, therefore, it is a promising strategy to inhibit the inflammation for cancer prevention and/or treatment. Current study was performed to investigate the effects of chondroitin sulfate (CS) extracted from Styela clava tunic on TNF-alpha-induced inflammation and to elucidate the mechanism of CS on the regulation of inflammatory factors in JB6 cells. Our results showed that CS inhibited TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation and subsequent vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expressions by blocking Akt signals in JB6 cells.