sp. nov. and sp. nov., isolated from marine red algae.

Two Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacteria, designated as strains S88 and W115, exhibiting catalase- and oxidase-positive reactions, were isolated from marine red algae in South Korea. Strain S88 exhibited growth at 20-30 °C, pH 6.0-9.

sp. nov. and sp. nov., and reclassification of , , and as later heterotypic synonyms of , , and .

Two Gram-negative, obligately aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria, strains G1-22 and G1-23, were isolated from the phycosphere of a marine brown alga. Both strains exhibited catalase- and oxidase-positive activities. Strain G1-22 displayed optimal growth at 25 °C, pH 8.

sp. nov., isolated from a marine green alga.

A Gram-stain-negative, facultative aerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, non-motile, non-flagellated, and coccus-shaped bacterium, strain J2-16, isolated from a marine green alga, was characterized taxonomically. Strain J2-16 grew at 20-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), pH 6.0-10.

sp. nov. and sp. nov., isolated from a marine red alga.

Two Gram-stain-negative, obligately aerobic, motile rod bacteria, designated as G2-5 and G20-9, exhibiting catalase- and oxidase-positive activities, were isolated from the phycosphere of a species, a marine red alga. Strain G2-5 exhibited optimal growth at 30 °C and pH 5.0-6.

sp. nov. and sp. nov., isolated from seawater.

Two Gram-stain-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic non-motile and motile rod bacteria, strains MSW6 and RSW2, were isolated from surface seawater. Strain MSW6 optimally grew at 20 °C, pH 7.0 and 3 % NaCl, while strain RSW2 optimally grew at 25 °C, pH 7.

Cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of melatonin in hydrogen peroxide-stimulated CHON-001 human chondrocyte cell line and rabbit model of osteoarthritis via the SIRT1 pathway.

Melatonin has potent antioxidant, analgesic, and antinociceptive properties. However, the effects of melatonin against oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity and inflammatory mediators in human chondrocytes remain poorly understood. This study examined the effects and underlying mechanism of melatonin in hydrogen peroxide (H(2) O(2) )-stimulated human chondrocytes and rabbit osteoarthritis (OA) model.

Mechanism of sappanchalcone-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in human oral cancer cells.

Sappanchalcone, a flavonoid extracted from Caesalpinia sappan, exhibits cytoprotective activity, but the molecular basis for the anticancer effect of sappanchalcone has not been reported. In this study, we examined whether sappanchalcone could inhibit the growth of human primary and metastatic oral cancer cells, and we analyzed the signaling pathway underlying the apoptotic effects of the compound in this process using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays, fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and Western blotting. Sappanchalcone-treated oral cancer cells showed an increased cytosolic level of cytochrome c, downregulated Bcl-2 expression, upregulated Bax and p53 expression, caspase-3 and -9 activation, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage.