A review of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in pathological processes.

With the continuous growth of the human population and new challenges in the quality of life, it is more important than ever to diagnose diseases and pathologies with high accuracy, sensitivity and in different scenarios from medical implants to the operation room. Although conventional methods of diagnosis revolutionized healthcare, alternative analytical methods are making their way out of academic labs into clinics. In this regard, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) developed immensely with its capability to achieve single-molecule sensitivity and high-specificity in the last two decades, and now it is well on its way to join the arsenal of physicians.

In vitro modeling of tumor interclonal interactions using breast cancer cell lines.

Aim: To study the peculiarities of ecological relationships of breast cancer (BC) cell lines MCF-7, BT-474 and MDA-MD-231 under co-culturing conditions.

Materials And Methods: Three BC cell lines: luminal A - MCF-7, luminal B - BT-474 and triple-negative - MDA-MD-231 were co-cultured pairwise. Immunocytochemistry was used to differentiate the cell lines in the wells.

Breast tumour cell subpopulations with expression of the MYC and OCT4 proteins.

The MYC and OCT4 genes are known factors associated with maintaining pluripotency and are linked with a more aggressive course, progression, and resistance to therapy in cancer. Determining the subpopulations of tumour cells expressing the Myc and Oct4 proteins will provide an opportunity to understand which tumour cell subpopulations expressing MYC and OCT4 are associated with metastasis and resistance and which subpopulations can be targeted by anti-MYC and anti-OCT4 therapy. The study included paraffin-embedded tissue from tumours from 27 patients with luminal B breast cancer obtained after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT).

Dynamics of the Infestation Intensity and Egg Production in Carcinogenesis and Partial Hepatectomy in the Setting of Superinvasive Opisthorchiasis.

Clinical and experimental studies have shown that opisthorchii tend to evade tumour growth foci to colonize more distant areas of the liver. When modelling tumours with various carcinogens in the setting of superinvasive opisthorchiasis, the intensity of invasion is reduced both before the formation of neoplasms (>120 days) and after the development of tumours of various histogeneses (liver, pancreas, and stomach) (>240 days). Egg production was observed to increase with the decrease in the number of parasites in the liver.

Hypereosinophilic Syndrome, Cardiomyopathies, and Sudden Cardiac Death in Superinvasive Opisthorchiasis.

Cardiovascular pathology in patients with superinvasive opisthorchiasis is characterized by severe changes in haemodynamics and myocardial metabolism, impaired automatism, excitability, and conduction of the heart muscle. An analysis of 578 cases (medical and outpatient records and reports of pathoanatomical and forensic autopsies) recorded in healthcare facilities treating opisthorchiasis patients with a hyperendemic focus was carried out. We identified a set of cardiac changes in patients with hypereosinophilic syndrome associated with superinvasive opisthorchiasis infection, classified the pathological processes in accordance with ICD-10, and described their pathogenesis.

[The chemical toxicological investigation of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in biological objects and the interpretation of the results of the analysis].

The authors propose a method for the quantitative determination of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHBA) in biological objects including biological fluids (blood, urine) and tissues with the use of gas chromatography with mass-selective detector. The samples for the analysis were prepared by liquid-liquid extraction by butyl acetate with subsequent derivatization using a N,O-Bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide/Trimethylchlorosilane mixture (BSTFA + 1%TMCS). The graded graphs were linear in the range of GHBA concentrations from 26.

[Organization of quality control of the forensic medical investigations].

The article describes the system of quality control at all stages of forensic chemical investigations (including pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical ones) carried out by the Saint-Petersburg Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise It is shown that standardization and control taken together make up a solid foundation for obtaining the reliable and reproducible results of forensic chemical investigations. Responsibility for the quality control at all stages of forensic chemical investigations lies on the heads of the respective departments. Special staff members are appointed to supervise performing each concrete form of control and keeping the relevant documentation.

HPV status and its genomic integration affect survival of patients with cervical cancer.

To evaluate the relapse-free and overall survival of HPV-positive patients with regard to the physical status of type 16 HPV and of HPV-negative patients with primary CC. As a main result of the study the predictive value of the physical status of type 16 HPV was determined for relapse-free and overall survival of patients with CC. Episomal form of the virus is a favorable predictive factor.

Measurement of the Neutrino Mixing Angle θ_{23} in NOvA.

This Letter reports new results on muon neutrino disappearance from NOvA, using a 14 kton detector equivalent exposure of 6.05×10^{20} protons on target from the NuMI beam at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. The measurement probes the muon-tau symmetry hypothesis that requires maximal θ_{23} mixing (θ_{23}=π/4).

Analysis of flame acceleration in open or vented obstructed pipes.

While flame propagation through obstacles is often associated with turbulence and/or shocks, Bychkov et al. [V. Bychkov et al.

Genetic aspects of HPV infection detection in tumor and adjacent tissues of patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

The article describes methods for the human papillomavirus (HPV) detection in tumor and adjacent (morphologically intact) tissues of patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSSC) in terms of viral pathogenesis. Comparative evaluation of the principles and techniques for HPV detection was performed. Advantages and disadvantages of the HPV detection methods are described.

Integrative and episomal forms of genotype 16 of human papillomavirus in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer.

The study involved 500 patients with LSIL (low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion), HSIL (high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion), stage I-IV cervical cancer, infected with human papillomavirus (HPV), as well as 235 women without pathological changes in cervical mucosa. The comprehensive survey included colposcopy, cytological and histological analysis, detection and genotyping of high-risk human papillomavirus. Viral load and physical status of HPV16 DNA was evaluated in cases of mono-infection (n = 148).

Functional state of the Hsp27 chaperone as a molecular marker of an unfavorable course of larynx cancer.

Background: The small heat shock protein 27 kDA (Hsp27) acts as an ATP-independent chaperone in protein folding, but is also implicated in architecture of the cytoskeleton, cell migration, metabolism, cell survival, growth/differentiation, mRNA stabilization, and tumor progression.

Objective: To study the intracellular localization of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated forms of Hsp27 in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx (SCCL) and to evaluate their relationship with regional lymphatic metastasis and overall five-year survival.

Methods: Tumor biopsies of larynx tissue were collected from 50 patients who were between the ages of 30 to 80 years and had a confirmed diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx.

Comprehensive meta-analytical summary on human papillomavirus association with head and neck cancer.

An etiological role of high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) in the development of cervical cancer has been well established. Hence, attention of researchers has been focused on the role of HPV in pathogenesis of other malignancies, such as head and neck cancers. An analysis of epidemiological data on the prevalence of HPV infection among healthy people and patients with precancerous lesions and/or cancer is an important step in understanding the role of HPV in head and neck carcinogenesis.

[OPISTHORCHIASIS AS A PROMOTER OF GASTRIC CARCINOGENESIS].

The paper presents an experimental model of gastric cancer in the presence of chronic opisthorchiasis, which has been created to study its possible role in gastric carcinogenesis. The performed investigation has supported the hypothesis that opisthorchiasis plays a promoting role in the development of experimental gastric cancer. A larger number of experimental hamsters receiving the carcinogen methylnitronitrosoguanidine (MNNG) developed earlier gastric tumors in.

Fractal flame structure due to the hydrodynamic Darrieus-Landau instability.

By using large scale numerical simulations, we obtain fractal structure, which develops at originally planar flame fronts due to the hydrodynamic Darrieus-Landau (DL) instability bending the fronts. We clarify some important issues regarding the DL fractal flames, which have been debated for a long time. We demonstrate an increase of the flame propagation speed with the hypothetic channel width, which controls the length scale of the instability development.

[STATE OF DEVELOPMENT OF HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION IN THE EUROPE AND WORLD].

In this review, we summarize information about the current trends in hematopoietic stem cells transplantation (HSCT) in Europe and world. HSCT has represented one of the most innovative and highly expensive method of treatment for a set of malignant and non-malignant disorders. Differences in the number of HSCT and transplant rates (number of HSCT per 10 million inhabitants), indications and types of transplantations between countries have been reported.

Multidimensional instability and dynamics of spin avalanches in crystals of nanomagnets.

We obtain a fundamental instability of the magnetization-switching fronts in superparamagnetic and ferromagnetic materials such as crystals of nanomagnets, ferromagnetic nanowires, and systems of quantum dots with large spin. We develop the instability theory for both linear and nonlinear stages. By using numerical simulations we investigate the instability properties focusing on spin avalanches in crystals of nanomagnets.

[Justification for the study screening newborn hearing screening in terms of regionalization of perinatal care in Ukraine].

Conducting research screening newborn hearing screening in terms of regional perinatal centers in Ukraine and further rehabilitation of children with hearing impairment is a key step in their integration into society. Universal newborn hearing screening should be mandatory, especially in perinatal centers, because it has significant medical, social and economic effects. It is also necessary to reorganize the existing regional offices surdologichesky and create on their bases and methodological Regional Medical Center hearing and speech problems, which will provide high-quality diagnosis, epidemiological data form, will hold the register of children diagnosed with hearing defects, organize them continuously active surveillance, hearing aids and effective rehabilitation, to ensure the quality of screening.

[Morphological changes of testicular tissues in rats of different age groups, depending on the time of being in the abdominal cavity].

Pathological changes in the testes of animals of different age groups with the experimentally simulated cryptorchidism were evaluated. Animals were divided into 3 groups according to the time of fixation of testes into the abdominal cavity for a term of 2, 3 and 4 weeks. The changes were recorded at the time of bringing down the testes into the scrotum and at 14th and 28th day after bringing down.

Chronic Opisthorchis felineus infection attenuates atherosclerosis--an autopsy study.

Previously, we proposed a hypothesis that chronic helminthic infection may have beneficial effects on the development of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate an association between Opisthorchis felineus chronic helminthic infections with aortic atherosclerosis and serum total cholesterol. A series of medico-legal autopsy specimens collected in Khanty-Mansiisk (the region in Russia endemic for O.

[The strategy of a parasite is to preserve and continue its species; some trends for achieving the goal].

The authors show that the strategy of parasites, which is to preserve and continue its species is accomplished mainly by providing of a trophic substrate. Opisthorichiasis is used as an example to show that the nutriceutic biomass of cholangiocytes may be increased due to gene mutations, induced proliferation of liver stem cells, their differentiation to committed ones and cholangiocellular differon elements; moreover, the proliferative processes of mesenchymal components become active in other organs of a host. During their ontogenesis in the intermediate and final hosts, the parasites work out the mechanisms for prolonging their life span to complete a full development cycle (Margaritifera margaritifera glochidia); however, predominantly the parasite-host symbiosis is attended by the latter's lameness.

[Morphogenesis of the structural changes of the internal organs in superinvasive opisthorchiasis].

The study of the model of superinvasive opisthorchiasis (SO) in Syrian hamsters and autopsy material obtained from patients with SO, it was shown that during the early period of pulmonary disease, the lungs underwent changes developing on the basis of delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. In the chronic phase of SO, exudative and predominant productive reactions were revealed leading to the interstitial lung disease, fibrosing alveolitis. In the heart in SO, eosinophilic cell myocarditis was found with subsequent diffuse cardiosclerosis.

[Provisionality phenomenon in the histo- organo- and systemogenesis].

This review summarizes the results of the study of the provisionality phenomenon in the development of the organs of the urinary system (mesonephros, metanephros) in viviparous (human, rat) and oviparous (bird) amniotes, human organs of mixed origin (pituitary, ovary, stomodeum) reparative regeneration of supporting tissues (in humans and Syrian hamster), morphogenesis of primary hepatic cancer developing against the background of superinvasive opisthorchiasis. It is shown that during the development of tissues and organs, the stages of provisional and definitive histo- and organogenesis could be determined; saltatory mechanism is typical for embryonic organogenesis (formation of cartilaginous skeletal primordia, meso- and metanephrons) and foci of oncogenesis. Transformation zones of the type of tissue organization in the epithelium are located in the areas of contacts of the derivatives of different embryonic primordia.