Youth With Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders Have More Sleep Disturbances. A School-Based Study.

Background: There is a bidirectional relationship between sleep and pain disturbances. Sleep disturbances increase the risk for chronic pain, while chronic pain can interfere with sleep. Hence, we assessed the subjective sleep characteristics of youth with functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) compared to healthy youth and examined associations with gastrointestinal symptoms.

The Unified Protocol or Dialectical Behaviour Therapy? Considerations for Choosing Between Two Evidence-Based Transdiagnostic Psychotherapies for Complex Patients.

The advent of multiple transdiagnostic treatments in recent decades has advanced the field of clinical psychology while also raising questions for clinicians and patients about how to decide between treatments and how to best deliver a chosen treatment. The purpose of this paper is to review two prominent transdiagnostic treatments that target emotion dysregulation: dialectical behaviour therapy and the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment for emotional disorders. First, we review the theoretical underpinnings, research support and proposed mechanisms of action for these treatments.

The role of psychiatric symptoms, sociodemographic factors, and baseline sleep variables on pediatric insomnia treatment outcomes in a clinically referred population.

Study Objectives: The current study aimed to examine clinically relevant psychiatric and sociodemographic predictors of insomnia treatment outcomes in pediatric patients clinically referred for insomnia.

Methods: Pediatric patients (n = 1,428; ages 1.5-18 years) presenting for insomnia evaluation in a medical/sleep center-based behavioral sleep clinic were followed for treatment as clinically indicated.

Current Considerations in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders in Children.

Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders (CRSWDs) are important sleep disorders whose unifying feature is a mismatch between the preferred or required times for sleep and wakefulness and the endogenous circadian drives for these. Their etiology, presentation, and treatment can be different in pediatric patients as compared to adults. Evaluation of these disorders must be performed while viewed through the lens of a patient's comorbid conditions.

Factors affecting pediatric adherence to positive airway pressure: Patient- and caregiver-reported treatment barriers and sleep difficulties.

Objective/background: Adherence to positive airway pressure (PAP) treatment among children and adolescents is often suboptimal. Little is understood about modifiable determinants of PAP adherence. We evaluated whether patient and caregiver-perceived treatment barriers (across behavioral, environmental, emotional, and physical domains), as well as insomnia severity, were associated with PAP adherence among youth with sleep disordered breathing (SDB).

Adolescent sleep myths: Identifying false beliefs that impact adolescent sleep and well-being.

Objective: Commonly held beliefs about sleep unsupported by scientific evidence (ie, myths) among adolescents and their parents/caregivers may adversely influence sleep-related attitudes and behaviors among adolescents. Thus, identifying such myths with the goal of developing effective evidence-based counter-messages has the potential to improve sleep health in adolescents.

Method: We identified myths with a panel of adolescent sleep health experts (n = 12) using the Delphi method in three sequential steps: (1) focus groups; (2) online discussion; and (3) closed-ended questionnaires with which the experts rated myths on: (1) falseness and (2) public health significance using 5-point Likert scales ranging from 1 (not at all false/important for public health) to 5 (extremely false/important for public health).

Randomized Behavioral Sleep Clinical Trial to Improve Outcomes in Children With Down Syndrome.

Parents of 30 school-age children with Down syndrome participated in a small-scale randomized clinical trial of a behavioral sleep treatment designed specifically for children with Down syndrome. The aim was to improve child sleep, child daytime behavior problems, caregiver sleep, and caregiver stress. The intervention spanned 5-8 weeks, and assessments occurred pre-treatment, immediately post-treatment, and three months post-treatment using a double-blinded design.

Relationship of overweight and obesity to insomnia severity, sleep quality, and insomnia improvement in a clinically referred pediatric sample.

Study Objectives: Children with overweight or obesity are more likely to experience sleep disorders, although the role of weight in pediatric insomnia treatment has not been examined. The current study examined the relationships of high body mass with pretreatment insomnia severity and global sleep problems and the potential moderating impact of weight on changes in insomnia severity following insomnia treatment.

Methods: Participants included 1,133 youth ages 2-18 years clinically referred for insomnia treatment.

Impact of a Behavioral Sleep Intervention in Adolescents With ADHD: Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Effectiveness From a Pilot Open Trial.

Objective: An open trial tested the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness of a behavioral sleep intervention in adolescents with ADHD.

Method: Fourteen adolescents (ages 13-17 years; 50% male) with ADHD and co-occurring sleep problems received the cognitive-behavioral-based Transdiagnostic Sleep and Circadian Intervention for Youth (TranS-C). Adolescent, parent, and teacher ratings, actigraphy, and daily sleep diaries were collected at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up.

Prevalence of somatic and pain complaints and associations with sleep disturbance in adolescents with insomnia presenting to a behavioral sleep medicine clinic.

Study Objectives: Sleep problems are highly comorbid with pediatric pain, yet there is a dearth of research on how pain and somatic complaints impact adolescent insomnia presentation and response to cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I). This study aims to (1) determine the prevalence of parent-reported somatic/pain complaints in adolescents with insomnia presenting to a behavioral sleep clinic, (2) assess the impact of somatic/pain complaints on initial sleep presentation, and (3) assess the impact of baseline somatic/pain complaints on response to CBT-I.

Methods: Participants included adolescents (n = 375) presenting to a behavioral sleep medicine center with a primary diagnosis of insomnia.

Improvements in Sleep Correlate With Improvements in Clinical Outcomes Among Adolescents Undergoing Intensive Interdisciplinary Pain Treatment.

Objectives: Intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment (IIPT) programs have been shown to restore function, improve coping, and reduce pain in adolescents with chronic pain. Yet, little is known about patients' sleep during IIPT and whether or not improvements in pain treatment outcomes are associated with changes in sleep pre-to-post IIPT treatment. The objectives of the current study were to describe sleep among adolescents entering IIPT and examine associations between sleep parameters and IIPT treatment effects.

Validation and confirmatory factor analysis of the pediatric Adherence Barriers to Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Questionnaire.

Objective: To evaluate and refine a newly proposed factor structure for the Adherence Barriers to Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Questionnaire (ABCQ) and to present psychometric data from a large, geographically diverse sample of children and young adults with sleep disordered breathing (SDB) treated with positive airway pressure (PAP).

Methods: A sample of 181 patients prescribed PAP for treatment of SDB, ages 8-21 years, and caregivers (n = 234) of patients ages 2-21 years, completed the ABCQ during routine sleep medicine clinic visits. Adherence data from participants' PAP machines were obtained via electronic download, providing objective data on PAP adherence immediately preceding the clinic visit during which the ABCQ was completed.

Sleep disturbance and sleep insufficiency in primary caregivers and their children with cystic fibrosis.

Background: Chronically ill children and their parents are at risk for sleep disorders and associated morbidity. Sleep disturbance prevalence and the relationships between parent and child sleep among children with CF are not well defined. Clarifying the presence and impact of sleep disturbances among pediatric CF patients and their parents could lead to improved health in this population.

Topical Review: A Biopsychosocial Framework for Pediatric Narcolepsy and Idiopathic Hypersomnia.

Objective: Provide an overview of current research findings in pediatric central disorders of hypersomnolence (CDH) and propose a biopsychosocial model for clinical management, with a focus on interdisciplinary care and future directions for research and clinical practice.

Methods: Literature review drawing from pediatric and adult narcolepsy, as well as pediatric sleep and chronic pain research to develop an integrative biopsychosocial model for pediatric CDH.

Results: Youth with CDH are vulnerable to impairments in academics, emotional, and behavioral functioning, activity engagement and quality of life (QOL).

Rates of Mental Health Symptoms and Associations With Self-Reported Sleep Quality and Sleep Hygiene in Adolescents Presenting for Insomnia Treatment.

Study Objectives: Despite high prevalence rates of both psychopathology and sleep problems during adolescence, as well as frequent co-occurrence, little is known about the mental health of adolescents presenting for insomnia evaluation and treatment. This study describes (1) rates of mental health symptoms and (2) associations of mental health symptoms with sleep behaviors and schedules in adolescents presenting to a behavioral sleep medicine clinic within an accredited sleep disorders center.

Methods: As a part of routine clinical care, 376 adolescents (ages 11 to 18 years) presenting for insomnia evaluation completed measures of insomnia and sleep behavior.

Utility of the Sleep Disorders Inventory for Students in Clinically Referred Youth With Insomnia: Risk Identification and Relationship With Polysomnographic Measures.

: This study evaluated the overall performance of the Sleep Disorders Inventory for Students (SDIS) in identifying sleep disorders risk and the sensitivity and specificity of specific SDIS subscales in a clinically referred sample of youth with insomnia. : Youth ( = 1,329, = 2.5-18.

Mental Health Diagnoses and Symptoms in Preschool and School Age Youth Presenting to Insomnia Evaluation: Prevalence and Associations with Sleep Disruption.

: Sleep problems and emotional and behavioral difficulties are highly correlated in community samples of youth and in youth presenting to mental health treatment. However, fewer studies have characterized the associations between sleep and psychopathology symptoms in youth presenting to pediatric sleep clinics. This retrospective, cross-sectional study examined the prevalence of psychopathology symptoms and their associations with sleep disruption in youth presenting to a behavioral sleep medicine clinic.

Links between sleep and daytime behaviour problems in children with Down syndrome.

Background: In the general population, sleep problems have an impact on daytime performance. Despite sleep problems being common among children with Down syndrome, the impact of sleep problems on daytime behaviours in school-age children with Down syndrome is an understudied topic. Our study examined the relationship between parent-reported and actigraphy-measured sleep duration and sleep quality with parent and teacher reports of daytime behaviour problems among school-age children with Down syndrome.

Rigid Origami via Optical Programming and Deferred Self-Folding of a Two-Stage Photopolymer.

We demonstrate the formation of shape-programmed, glassy origami structures using a single-layer photopolymer with two mechanically distinct phases. The latent origami pattern consisting of rigid, high cross-link density panels and flexible, low cross-link density creases is fabricated using a series of photomask exposures. Strong optical absorption of the polymer formulation creates depth-wise gradients in the cross-link density of the creases, enforcing directed folding which enables programming of both mountain and valley folds within the same sheet.

Validation of a Brief Insomnia Severity Measure in Youth Clinically Referred for Sleep Evaluation.

Objectives: Evaluate psychometric properties of the Pediatric Insomnia Severity Index (PISI), a brief measure of insomnia severity.

Methods: Clinically referred youth ( n = 462; 283 males, 179 females, mean age = 7.28 ± 2.

Use of Sleep Evaluations and Treatments in Children with Down Syndrome.

Objective: To characterize practice patterns regarding sleep evaluation and intervention among children with Down syndrome (DS).

Method: Data were obtained from electronic health records from 2009 to 2013 for a retrospective cohort of 954 children with DS, aged 5 to 21 years during the time sampled. International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, diagnoses were used to identify children with obstructive sleep apnea and/or behavioral sleep disturbances.

Sluggish cognitive tempo in children referred to a pediatric Sleep Disorders Center: Examining possible overlap with sleep problems and associations with impairment.

Research supports the distinctness of sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) (e.g., mental confusion and slowed behavior/thinking) from other psychopathologies.