Agenesis of Dorsal Pancreas in a Young Adult: A Case Report.

Unlabelled: Dorsal agenesis of the pancreas is an exceedingly rare congenital anomaly where the dorsal part of the pancreas fails to develop properly during embryonic development. We report a case of partial agenesis of the dorsal pancreas in a 27-year-old female who presented with progressively worsening abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, generalized weakness, easy fatigability, and dizziness. Physical examination revealed fair general condition with stable vital signs and normal abdominal and other system findings.

Diagnostic accuracy of smartphone corneal photography for detection of corneal opacities in a resource-limited setting: a community-based study.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of smartphone corneal photography in detecting corneal opacities in a community-based setting.

Methods: A case-control, diagnostic accuracy study was nested in a cluster-randomized trial of a corneal ulcer prevention intervention in Nepal. Smartphone corneal photography was performed annually on community members self-reporting a potential risk factor for a corneal infection.

Risk factors for corneal abrasions in Nepal: a community-based study.

Background: South Asia is experiencing rapid urbanization, which may be changing the risk factor profile for ocular trauma. The objective of this study was to compare risk factors for traumatic corneal abrasions in rural versus urban Nepal, and to assess if any risk factors were associated with a poor outcome.

Methods: In a prospective, cross-sectional, community-based study performed as part of a cluster-randomized trial, community health workers from Nepal were trained to diagnose and treat traumatic corneal abrasions.

Seasonal Prey Abundance and Food Plasticity of the Vulnerable Snow Leopard () in the Lapchi Valley, Nepal Himalayas.

Conservation strategies for apex predators, like the snow leopard (), depend on a robust understanding of their dietary preferences, prey abundance, and adaptability to changing ecological conditions. To address these critical conservation concerns, this study presents a comprehensive evidence on prey availability and preferences for snow leopards in the Lapchi Valley in the Nepal Himalayas from November 2021 to March 2023. Field data were collected through the installation of twenty-six camera traps at 16 strategically chosen locations, resulting in the recording of 1228 events of 19 mammalian species, including domesticated livestock.

Alarm Fatigue among Nurses Working in Critical Care Setting in a Tertiary Hospital, Nepal.

Background Alarm fatigue is a well-recognized patient safety concern in critical care settings. It occurs when nurses become overwhelmed by the total number of alarm signals which can result in alarm desensitization and eventually contributes to missing of serious and important changes in a patient's condition, thus failing to respond properly. Objective To find out alarm fatigue and its associated factors among nurses working in critical care setting.

Relationship Between Intraocular Pressure and Age: A Population-Based Study in Nepal.

Prcis: Intraocular pressure (IOP) decreased with age in a population-based study in Nepal, from a mean of 14.1 mm Hg among those 60-64 years old to 13.0 mm Hg among those 80 years old or older.

Anterior Segment OCT for Detection of Narrow Angles: A Community-Based Diagnostic Accuracy Study.

Purpose: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of anterior segment OCT (AS-OCT) screening for detecting gonioscopically narrow angles.

Design: Population-based cross-sectional study.

Participants: A stratified random sample of individuals aged ≥ 60 years, selected from a door-to-door census performed in low-lying Nepal.

Systematic review of reconstruction techniques for accelerated quantitative MRI.

Purpose: To systematically review the techniques that address undersampling artifacts in accelerated quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI).

Methods: A literature search was conducted using the Embase, Medline, Web of Science Core Collection, Coherence Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar databases for studies, published before July 2022 proposing reconstruction techniques for accelerated qMRI. Studies are reviewed according to inclusion criteria, and included studies are categorized based on the methodology used.

Methane release from enteric fermentation and manure management of domestic water buffalo in Nepal.

Methane (CH) emission in livestock arises from enteric fermentation (EnF) and manure management (MM). This study develops the country-specific CH emission factors (EFs) in both EnF and MM for domestic water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and estimates total CH emission in Nepal using Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Tier 2 methodology. Seasonal field data were collected on morphological characteristics, feed characteristics, and manure management practices of the buffalo.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Interventions to Improve the Follow-up Rate for Children With Visual Disabilities in an Eye Hospital in Nepal: Nonrandomized Study.

Background: Monitoring ocular morbidity among pediatric patients requires regular follow-up visits. We found that the follow-up rate was poor among children in our setting. Therefore, we intended to assess the effectiveness of 2 interventions-(1) counseling and (2) SMS text messaging and phone calls-to improve the follow-up rates.

Behcet's Disease with Absent HLA Serotyping and Pathergy Test.

Behcet's disease is a multisystemic vasculitis of unknown etiopathogenesis characterized by recurrent acute inflammation. A 30-year male presented with progressive blurred vision in both eye for one month associated with photophobia, redness and ocular pain. On presentation best corrected visual acuity was 6/9 both eyes.

Risk factors for corneal ulcers: a population-based matched case-control study in Nepal.

Background/aims: We aimed to examine risk factors for corneal ulcer in a rural and peri-urban setting in Nepal.

Methods: This population-based matched case-control study was nested in a cluster randomised trial in 24 village development committees in Nepal. Incidence density sampling was used to match incident corneal opacity cases to controls, matching on time of opacity, age, sex and location.

Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Glaucoma Presenting to Bharatpur Eye Hospital: An Observational Study.

Introduction: Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. Glaucoma will affect 79.6 million individuals by 2020, according to projections.

Sutureless Glue Free Versus Sutured Limbal Conjunctival Autografts in Primary Pterygium Surgery.

Introduction: Surgical excision is the definitive treatment for pterygium. Following excision, conjunctival autograft is usually preferred. Various methods for grafting with sutures, glue or autologous serum from the recipient bed are in use.

X-linked Juvenile Retinoschisis in a Young Female.

X-linked juvenile retinoschisis has recessive inheritance which occurs due to RS1 gene mutation. We report an instance in a female managed with systemic and topical carbonic-anhydrase inhibitors. 18-year female presented with bilateral blurred vision for two years.

Village-integrated eye workers for prevention of corneal ulcers in Nepal (VIEW study): a cluster-randomised controlled trial.

Background: Corneal ulcers are a common cause of blindness in low-income and middle-income countries, usually resulting from traumatic corneal abrasions during agricultural work. Antimicrobial prophylaxis of corneal abrasions can help prevent corneal ulcers, but delays in the initiation of therapy are frequent. We aimed to assess whether a community-based programme for corneal ulcer prevention would reduce the incidence of corneal ulceration.

Time efficiency analysis for undersampled quantitative MRI acquisitions.

To realize Quantitative MRI (QMRI) with clinically acceptable scan time, acceleration factors achieved by conventional parallel imaging techniques are often inadequate. Further acceleration is possible using model-based reconstruction. We propose a theoretical metric called TEUSQA: Time Efficiency for UnderSampled QMRI Acquisitions to inform sequence design and sample pattern optimisation.

Posterior Scleritis Simulating Choroidal Melanoma: A Case Report.

Nodular posterior scleritis (NPS) is rare; however, it is critical to differentiate it from similar intraocular pathologies to prevent inappropriate and potentially irreversible treatment. Multimodal imaging is beneficial in the diagnosis of NPS. This report describes the diagnosis and management of a case of NPS with corticosteroid therapy that led to complete resolution.

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in Coats' disease: a case report.

Background: Coats' disease was originally defined as a unilateral idiopathic exudative retinopathy in young males, characterized by abnormal retinal vascular telangiectasia with intraretinal and subretinal lipid exudation. The retinal detachment is usually exudative. Herein, we describe a case of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with detectable retinal break in a patient with Coats' disease.

Emission factors and emission inventory of diesel vehicles in Nepal.

A comprehensive emission inventory of the transport sector through fuel-based emission factors (EFs) was developed for the first time in Nepal. This study estimates air pollutants emission from diesel vehicles between the years 1989 and 2018 based on national statistical data, average vehicle kilometers travelled, fuel mileage, and measurement-based EFs for each vehicle category during idle and moving conditions. The consumption of diesel by vehicle category was also estimated and total consumption was compared with national sales data.

Central retinal artery occlusion in optic disk melanocytoma.

Optic disk melanocytoma (ODM) is a rare benign tumor of the optic disk. We report a rare occurrence of profound visual loss due to central retinal artery occlusion associated with ODM in a 78-year-old female with no significant medical history. The clinical findings were supplemented by ancillary investigations.

Improving the Follow-up Rate for Pediatric Patients (0-16 years) of an Eye Hospital in Nepal: Protocol for a Public Health Intervention Study.

Background: The follow-up of pediatric patients ensures regular ocular morbidity monitoring and better treatment outcome. Hiralal Santudevi Pradhan Institute of Ophthalmic Science (Bharatpur Eye Hospital [BEH]) noticed that the follow-up rate was only 22% among its pediatric patients. Several factors like lack of awareness and forgetfulness among patients may contribute to a lower number of follow-up visits.

Comparative Study of Dry Eye Indices Following Cataract Surgery.

Background: This study aims to assess dry eye indices following cataract surgery.

Materials And Methods: A single center descriptive and comparative study was performed. A total of 100 eyes of 100 cases fulfilling the inclusion criteria from 1st June 2017 to 30th May 2018 were enrolled.

Association of visual impairment with disability: a population-based study.

Objective: To determine the relationship between visual impairment and other disabilities in a developing country.

Methods: In this cross-sectional ancillary study, all individuals 50 years and older in 18 communities in the Chitwan region of Nepal were administered visual acuity screening and the Washington Group Short Set (WGSS) of questions on disability. The WGSS elicits a 4-level response for six disability domains: vision, hearing, walking/climbing, memory/concentration, washing/dressing, and communication.

Outcomes of the Perplexed Surgical Management of Retinal Detachment in Eyes with Coloboma.

Purpose: To determine the anatomical and visual outcomes of retinal detachment in eyes with chorioretinal coloboma managed by pars plana vitrectomy, endolaser photocoagulation and silicone oil (SO) tamponade.

Methods: Retrospective review of 29 eyes of 29 patients with retinal detachment associated with chorioretinal coloboma. All the cases were managed by vitrectomy procedures concluding with SO tamponade.