Antibacterial and antibiofilm features of SMAP-18 against .

Cholera continues to be a pointed global health issue, prominently in developing nations, where the disease's severe diarrheal symptoms pose substantial public health risks. With the escalating spread of antibiotic resistance among strains, alternative therapeutic approaches are imperative. Antimicrobial peptides are increasingly recognized for their potential, with research focusing on finding the most effective options.

Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, and Anti-inflammatory Effects of a Novel Thrombin-Derived Peptide in Sepsis Models: Insights into Underlying Mechanisms.

We developed two short helical antimicrobial peptides, HVF18-a3 and its d-enantiomer, HVF18-a3-d, derived from the thrombin C-terminal peptide HVF18. These peptides exhibit potent antimicrobial activity against various bacteria by compromising both the outer and inner membranes, with low hemolytic activity. They are stable in the presence of physiological salts and human serum, exhibiting a low potential for developing drug resistance and excellent antibiofilm activity against Gram-negative bacteria.

Inflammatory Cytokine-Induced Muscle Atrophy and Weakness Can Be Ameliorated by an Inhibition of TGF-β-Activated Kinase-1.

Chronic inflammation causes muscle wasting. Because most inflammatory cytokine signals are mediated via TGF-β-activated kinase-1 (TAK1) activation, inflammatory cytokine-induced muscle wasting may be ameliorated by the inhibition of TAK1 activity. The present study was undertaken to clarify whether TAK1 inhibition can ameliorate inflammation-induced muscle wasting.

New strain Brevibacillus laterosporus TSA31-5 produces both brevicidine and brevibacillin, exhibiting distinct antibacterial modes of action against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

The growing prevalence of antibiotic resistance has made it imperative to search for new antimicrobial compounds derived from natural products. In the present study, Brevibacillus laterosporus TSA31-5, isolated from red clay soil, was chosen as the subject for conducting additional antibacterial investigations. The fractions exhibiting the highest antibacterial activity (30% acetonitrile eluent from solid phase extraction) were purified through RP-HPLC.

Olive mill wastewater and hydroxytyrosol inhibits atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice.

The Mediterranean diet, which is characterized by high consumption of olive oil, prevents cardiovascular disease. Meanwhile, olive mill wastewater (OMWW), which is obtained as a byproduct during olive oil production, contains various promising bioactive components such as water-soluble polyphenols. Hydroxytyrosol (HT), the major polyphenol in OMWW, has anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties; however, the atheroprotective effects of OMWW and HT remain to be fully understood.

Evaluation of deoxythymidine-based cationic amphiphiles as antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anti-inflammatory agents.

Objectives: We recently designed a series of cationic deoxythymidine-based amphiphiles that mimic the cationic amphipathic structure of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Among these amphiphiles, ADG-2e and ADL-3e displayed the highest selectivity against bacterial cells. In this study, ADG-2e and ADL-3e were evaluated for their potential as novel classes of antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anti-inflammatory agents.

Esaxerenone, a selective mineralocorticoid receptor blocker, improves insulin sensitivity in mice consuming high-fat diet.

Background: Esaxerenone is a novel, non-steroidal selective mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) blocker. MR activation plays a crucial role in the development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects of esaxerenone on various metabolic parameters in mice.

A Selective Mineralocorticoid Receptor Blocker, Esaxerenone, Attenuates Vascular Dysfunction in Diabetic C57BL/6 Mice.

Aims: Pharmacological blockade of mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) is a potential therapeutic approach to reduce cardiovascular complications since MRs play a crucial role in cardiovascular regulation. Recent studies suggest that MR antagonists affect several extrarenal tissues, including vessel function. We investigated the effect of a novel nonsteroidal selective MR blocker, esaxerenone, on diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction.

Pemafibrate, A Novel Selective Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α Modulator, Reduces Plasma Eicosanoid Levels and Ameliorates Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetic Mice.

Aims: Various pathological processes related to diabetes cause endothelial dysfunction. Eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid (AA) have roles in vascular regulation. Fibrates have recently been shown to attenuate vascular complications in diabetics.

Inhibition of S1P Receptor 2 Attenuates Endothelial Dysfunction and Inhibits Atherogenesis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice.

Aim: The bioactive lipid, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), has various roles in the physiology and pathophysiology of many diseases. There are five S1P receptors; however, the role of each S1P receptor in atherogenesis is still obscure. Here we investigated the contribution of S1P receptor 2 (S1P2) to atherogenesis by using a specific S1P2 antagonist, ONO-5430514, in apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe ) mice.

Empagliflozin ameliorates endothelial dysfunction and suppresses atherogenesis in diabetic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice.

Recent studies reported cardioprotective effects of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors; however, the underlying mechanisms are still obscure. Here, we investigated whether empagliflozin attenuates atherogenesis and endothelial dysfunction in diabetic apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE) mice. Male streptozotocin (STZ) - induced diabetic ApoE mice were treated with empagliflozin for 12 or 8 weeks.

Ticagrelor, a P2Y12 antagonist, attenuates vascular dysfunction and inhibits atherogenesis in apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice.

Background And Aims: Ticagrelor reduces cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Recent studies demonstrated the expression of P2Y12 on vascular cells including endothelial cells, as well as platelets, and suggested its contribution to atherogenesis. We investigated whether ticagrelor attenuates vascular dysfunction and inhibits atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoe) mice.