Safety and efficacy of topical testosterone in breast cancer patients receiving ovarian suppression and aromatase inhibitor therapy.

Background: Premenopausal, high-risk, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer patients are often treated with ovarian suppression in combination with aromatase inhibitors (AI). This combination has important adverse effects, particularly in sexual function, such as vaginal dryness and loss of libido. There is no effective therapy for reduced sexual function in this setting.

Mental health literacy and help-seeking behaviour among Egyptian undergraduates: a cross-sectional national study.

Background: Mental health literacy (MHL) and help-seeking behaviors are pivotal in managing mental well-being, especially among Egyptian undergraduates. Despite the importance and prevalent psychological distress in this group, limited research has addressed MHL and associated behaviors in Egypt. This study aimed to assess the levels of MHL and help-seeking behavior among Egyptian university students.

Temporal Relationship of Acute Rheumatic Fever Following COVID-19 Infection: A Pediatric Case Report.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has the potential to trigger the onset of autoimmune disorders, one of which is acute rheumatic fever (ARF). ARF is an immune system response that can manifest after an individual has been infected with In this study, we document a unique case involving a previously healthy child who exhibited symptoms of fever, polyarthritis, and ankle swelling after history of COVID-19 infection one month ago. This rare pediatric case report discussed the occurrence of ARF after a one-month period of COVID-19 infection, and we observed significant improvement in our patient after a three-month treatment regimen.

Role of Primary Healthcare Physicians in Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in Saudi Arabia. Late stages of the disease are associated with increased mortality rates, and early detection is known to improve the disease course and significantly reduce the mortality rate. Physicians' knowledge and practices regarding CRC screening guidelines influence the successful implementation of screening programs.

Foreign Body Ingestion: A Common Presentation Among Pediatric Age Group in the City of AlAhsa Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.

Background Foreign body ingestion is a prevalent issue among children and presents considerable morbidity and mortality rates. Due to children's increased accessibility to electronic toys and equipment, foreign body ingestion has become a common reason for presenting to pediatric emergency departments worldwide. In this context, this research aims to determine the prevalence of foreign body ingestion among children in AlAhsa, Saudi Arabia.

Retrospective Analysis of Rechallenge with Ipilimumab in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma.

Background: Checkpoint inhibitors are effective in the treatment of several types of cancer, either being used separately or in combination. Ipilimumab pioneered the treatment of metastatic melanoma, and nowadays, it has been used more frequently in combination with anti-PD-1. Since the development of anti-PD1 for melanoma, rechallenge with ipilimumab has not been considered, although its use was considered in early trials.

Immunotherapy in Breast Cancer: Current Practice and Clinical Challenges.

Immunotherapy is currently approved for a subset of patients diagnosed with advanced triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), based on the phase III randomized controlled trial, IMpassion130. The anti-programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint inhibitor atezolizumab combined with nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab)-paclitaxel is currently the standard first-line therapy in patients with metastatic TNBC who have a PD-L1-positive peritumoral immune infiltrate. Although this approval is limited to only a subset of patients, strategies to expand indications in breast cancer for this treatment modality are being extensively evaluated.

A Severe, Refractory Case of Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid After Treatment With Pembrolizumab: Brief Communication.

Pembrolizumab is a humanized antibody that targets the programmed death-1 receptor expressed in T cells with high selectivity. This therapeutic is of great importance in cancer immunotherapy yet managing the potential immune-related adverse events remains a concern. Here, we report a rare case of mucous membrane pemphigoid in the oral mucosa, upper respiratory tract, and conjunctiva of a patient with ovarian adenocarcinoma without cutaneous manifestation, which persisted even after pembrolizumab discontinuation.

Management of metastatic cutaneous melanoma: updates in clinical practice.

In recent years, several drugs have been approved for the treatment of patients with metastatic cutaneous melanoma, completely reshaping the landscape of this aggressive disease. Immune therapy with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 and programmed cell death-1 inhibitors yielded significant and durable responses, achieving long-term disease control in up to 40% of the patients. BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi), in combination with MEK inhibitors, also resulted in improved overall survival compared with single-agent BRAFi in patients with -mutated metastatic melanoma.

Identification of risk in cutaneous melanoma patients: Prognostic and predictive markers.

New therapeutic modalities for melanoma promise benefit in selected individuals. Efficacy appears greater in patients with lower tumor burden, suggesting an important role for risk-stratified surveillance. Robust predictive markers might permit optimization of agent to patient, while low-risk prognostic markers might guide more conservative management.

Neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer treatment: an expert panel recommendation from the Brazilian Society of Breast Surgeons 2018.

Purpose: Breast cancer neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) consists of the administration of cytotoxic and targeted drugs prior to breast surgery, with the objective of reducing the tumor burden to allow breast conservation. NAC also aims to improve long-term treatment outcomes such as disease-free and overall survival. To optimize clinical practice with the best available evidence for breast cancer patients in the setting of neoadjuvant treatment, the Brazilian Society of Breast Surgeons (Sociedade Brasileira de Mastologia-SBM) held a consensus conference to develop this guideline.

Immune-mediated Pericarditis With Pericardial Tamponade During Nivolumab Therapy.

A 69-year-old man with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma presented with pericarditis and pericardial tamponade during nivolumab treatment, despite near-complete response on images performed during response evaluation. Further investigation found no evidence of pericardial or pleural cancer involvement, and pathologic evaluation showed immune-related adverse effect. Surgical and steroid treatments were used, with excellent results, and no disease progression on follow-up despite drug discontinuation because of toxicity.

Sudden Visual Loss as an Initial Manifestation of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia.

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a pluripotent stem cell disease characterized by anemia, granulocytosis and granulocytic immaturity, basophilia, thrombocytosis and splenomegaly. It is associated with a reciprocal chromosomal translocation t (q34; q11), resulting in a breakpoint cluster region-Abelson fusion gene (Philadelphia chromosome). Ophthalmic manifestations as the first and the only presentation of CML in patients are very rare.

Analysis of the Abscopal Effect With Anti-PD1 Therapy in Patients With Metastatic Solid Tumors.

Abscopal effect is a rare phenomenon characterized by tumor regression of untreated metastatic lesions after a local therapy (eg, radiotherapy). We studied the probability of abscopal effect with radiotherapy associated with anti-programmed death cell 1 (PD1) therapy after progression on anti-PD1. This study is a retrospective analysis of patients treated with nivolumab or pembrolizumab for melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and renal cancer at Antônio Ermírio de Moraes Oncology Center, Brazil.

Role of gemcitabine as second-line therapy after progression on FOLFIRINOX in advanced pancreatic cancer: a retrospective analysis.

Background: Cancer of the exocrine pancreas is a highly lethal malignancy. Surgical resection is the only potentially curative treatment. Unfortunately, because of the late presentation, the majority have either locally advanced cancer at initial diagnosis.

Oxaliplatin/5-fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy as a standard of care for colon cancer in clinical practice: Outcomes of the ACCElox registry.

Aim: The ACCElox registry was set up to assess therapeutic management of early-stage colon cancer with oxaliplatin/5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based regimen and the duration of adjuvant chemotherapy in current clinical practice.

Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted between 2006 and 2008 in 19 countries on 1548 newly diagnosed patients with stage II/III colon cancer, who had complete resection of the primary tumor and treated with at least one dose of oxaliplatin. The patient/disease characteristics, dose intensity, toxicity management, treatment delay and duration of disease-free survival (DFS)/relapse were assessed.

Algorithm for the management of metastatic cutaneous melanoma.

Over the last 4 years, various drugs have been approved for the treatment of metastatic cutaneous melanoma. Ipilimumab, an anti-CTLA-4 inhibitor that stimulates antitumor immunity, was the first agent to improve overall survival both in first line and in previously treated patients. Ipilimumab results in long term disease control in approximately 20% of the patients.

Anthracyclines and taxanes in the neo/adjuvant treatment of breast cancer: does the sequence matter?

Background: In early breast cancer, adjuvant chemotherapy decreases the risks of recurrence and breast cancer mortality, and neoadjuvant treatment leads to equivalent long-term outcomes. A large number of clinical trials have attempted to refine systemic therapeutic strategies in early breast cancer, but little attention has been paid to the sequence of anthracyclines and taxanes. Based on preclinical observations, there is limited rationale to administer the taxane before the anthracycline.

Taxanes in the management of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: efficacy and management of toxicity.

Androgen deprivation is the therapy of choice in the majority of patients with metastatic prostate cancer. However, a state of castration resistance ultimately occurs after hormone therapy, thus defining metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). mCRPC has historically been considered a relatively chemoresistant tumor.

Activities of daily living: evaluation and treatment in persons with multiple sclerosis.

Symptoms of multiple sclerosis can create mild to severe changes in a person's abilities to perform activities of daily living. Occupational therapy assessment and treatment of impairments related to movement, sensory-related symptoms, fatigue, and cognitive impairments can have a significant impact on the quality of life of persons with multiple sclerosis.