Genistein attenuates neuroinflammation and oxidative stress and improves cognitive impairment in a rat model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy: potential role of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Oxidative stress and inflammation seem to be the main factors responsible for cognitive impairment in sepsis. Genistein (GEN) is claimed to exert many beneficial effects on health, however, its possible effects on brain sepsis remains unclear. Here, we assess the influence and underling mechanisms of GEN on cognitive impairments in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced septic model.

Clinical, Laboratory, Radiological, Bronchoscopic, and Outcome Characteristics of Pulmonary Fungal Infection in Children in PICU in Central China: A Case Series.

Objective: Fungal infections are common in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs), but the monitoring methods are limited. This study analyzed the differences in clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment between PICU patients with and without fungal infection.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed PICU patients at the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province diagnosed with severe pneumonia between January 2015 and January 2020.

Efficacy and safety of intranasal dexmedetomidine versus oral chloral hydrate as sedatives for pediatric patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This study was designed to review published literature to determine the efficacy and safety of intranasal dexmedetomidine versus oral chloral hydrate (CH) for sedation in pediatric patients based on qualified studies. We searched the PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases for qualified studies published before March 2021. For each study, we analyzed the relative risk or weighted mean difference combined with a 95% CI.

Application of neurally adjusted ventilatory assist in ventilator weaning of infants ventilator weaning.

Background: To analyze the application of neurally adjusted ventilatory assist in ventilator weaning of infants.

Methods: A total of 25 infants (15 boys and 10 girls) who were mechanically ventilated by PICU in Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital were selected as the study subjects. After the improvement of the basic disease, regular spontaneous breathing, and the withdrawal of the ventilator, all the children obtained the electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdi) signal.

The Diagnostic Value of Plasma miRNA-497, cTnI, FABP3 and GPBB in Pediatric Sepsis Complicated with Myocardial Injury.

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of plasma miRNA-497, cardiac troponin I (cTnI), fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3), glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB (GPBB) in pediatric sepsis complicated with myocardial injury.

Methods: From August 2018 to February 2020, 82 children with sepsis admitted to our hospital and 50 health children who came for physical examination (defined as control group) were enrolled in this study. Children with sepsis and myocardial injury were enrolled in the combined group (n=35), and those without myocardial injury were enrolled in the sepsis group (n=47).

Rapid Diagnosis of IPA Relied on Calcofluor White Fluorescence Staining: Two Cases Report.

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a serious infectious disease with high mortality. However, the rapid diagnosis of IPA remains difficult since the microbiological evidence is difficult to obtain or time-consuming. Thus, we attempted to rapidly diagnose two pediatric cases with respiratory failure due to IPA via bronchoalveolar lavage fluid with Calcofluor White fluorescence staining, which has rarely been used before.

Hemophagocytic syndrome associated with Mycobacterium bovis in a patient with X-SCID: a case report.

Background: Mycobacterium bovis could infect patients with immunodeficiency or immunosuppressive conditions via Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination. Tuberculosis-related hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) is reported, but not HPS caused by Mycobacterium bovis in children.

Case Presentation: A 4-month Chinese boy presented fever and cough.

Adverse impact of ambient PM2.5 on expression and trafficking of surfactant protein A through reactive oxygen species damage to lamellar bodies.

Particulate matter with a diameter of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) easily deposits on lung alveoli and degrades human health.