Intravenous Immunoglobulin Use in Hemolytic Disease Due to ABO Incompatibility to Prevent Exchange Transfusion.

Introduction: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has been widely used to treat the hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). Although it has been shown that IVIG treatment reduces the duration of phototherapy and hospitalization, the use of IVIG in hemolytic disease due to ABO incompatibility has been controversial in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the role of IVIG in the prevention of exchange transfusion in infants with ABO HDN who presented with bilirubin levels at or above the level of exchange transfusion.

Congenital esophageal diverticulum in a very low birth weight infant: case report and review of literature.

Background: A diverticulum is an outpouching of a tubular organ that is classified as congenital and acquired according to the involved layers of the gastrointestinal wall. Congenital true diverticulum has been very rarely seen in neonatal period and it is very difficult to diagnose it especially in premature infants.

Case: A male infant was born with birth weight of 1000 g at 28th gestational week, was hospitalized for prematurity and respiratory distress.

An observational, prospective, multicenter study on rescue high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in neonates failing with conventional ventilation.

Background: To achieve gas exchange goals and mitigate lung injury, infants who fail with conventional ventilation (CV) are generally switched to high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV). Although preferred in many neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), research on this type of rescue HFOV has not been reported recently.

Methods: An online registry database for a multicenter, prospective study was set to evaluate factors affecting the response of newborn infants to rescue HFOV treatment.

Neonatal atrial flutter: Three cases and review of the literature.

Yılmaz-Semerci S, Bornaun H, Kurnaz D, Cebeci B, Babayiğit A, Büyükkale G, Çetinkaya M. Neonatal atrial flutter: Three cases and review of the literature. Turk J Pediatr 2018; 60: 306-309.

Angioedema Associated With Nebulized Recombinant Human DNase in a Preterm Infant: Case Report.

Pulmonary atelectasis leads to difficulties in weaning of the neonates from mechanical ventilation. The management of persistent atelectasis in neonates constitutes a common challenge for physicians. Several reports suggested Recombinant human DNase (rhDNase) as a beneficial therapy for neonates with persistent atelectasis by reducing mucous viscosity.

The Turkish Neonatal Jaundice Online Registry: A national root cause analysis.

Background: Neonatal jaundice (NNJ) is common, but few root cause analyses based on national quality registries have been performed. An online registry was established to estimate the incidence of NNJ in Turkey and to facilitate a root cause analysis of NNJ and its complications.

Methods: A multicenter prospective study was conducted on otherwise healthy newborns born at ≥35 weeks of gestation and hospitalized for only NNJ in 50 collaborator neonatal intensive care units across Turkey over a 1-year period.

Maternal/neonatal vitamin D deficiency: a new risk factor for necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants?

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the possible association between maternal/neonatal 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD) levels and development of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).

Study Design: One hundred and forty-five preterm infants ⩽36 weeks of gestation were enrolled. 25-OHD levels were determined in maternal/neonatal blood samples that were obtained at the time of admission to the neonatal intensive care unit.

Neonatal Appendicitis as a Rare Cause of Intestinal Perforation in a Preterm Neonate.

Intestinal perforation or inflammation due to appendicitis is rarely encountered in the neonatal period. The diagnosis may be delayed due to the lack of specific clinical symptoms and its rarity in this patient population. Early surgical treatment is the main treatment strategy with a good prognosis.

Hepatic Abscesses in Preterm Infants: Report of Three Cases and Review of the Literature.

Purpose: Hepatic abscess is a rare but potentially fatal entity in neonates. The aim of this study was to provide valuable data for diagnosis, management and prevention of hepatic abscess in preterm infants.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was made for patients diagnosed with hepatic abscesses between 2012 and 2015.

Maternal/neonatal vitamin D deficiency: a risk factor for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterms?

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the possible association between maternal/neonatal 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD) levels and development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Study Design: One hundred and thirty-two preterm infants ⩽32 weeks of gestation who were diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome were enrolled. 25-OHD levels were determined in maternal/neonatal blood samples that were obtained at the time of admission to the neonatal intensive care unit.

Treatment of neonatal fungal infective endocarditis with recombinant tissue plasminogen: activator in a low birth weight infant case report and review of the literature.

With advances in medical sciences, an increase in survival rates of low birth weight; increased incidence in use of catheter and antibiotics, and total parenteral nutrition are reported, therefore, the rate of fungal infections in late and very late onset neonatal sepsis have increased. Although fungal endocarditis rarely occur in newborns, it has a high morbidity and mortality. Antifungal therapy is often insufficient in cases who develop fungal endocarditis and surgical treatment is not preferred due to its difficulty and high mortality.

Limb deformity in a newborn. Is rifampicin just an innocent bystander?

Objective: The first-line antituberculous agents for use during pregnancy have minimal teratogenic effects. The possibility of limb deformity during rifampin use, however, was reported by some researchers.

Case Report: A male newborn was born with a hypoplastic right forearm to a mother with tuberculosis who used isoniazid and rifampicin in the first two months of her pregnancy.

Lower vitamin D levels are associated with increased risk of early-onset neonatal sepsis in term infants.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of vitamin D levels on early-onset sepsis (EOS) in term infants.

Study Design: Fifty term infants with clinical and laboratory findings of EOS (study group) and 50 healthy infants with no signs of clinical/laboratory infection (control group) were enrolled. Blood was drawn at the time of admission during the first 3 postnatal days of life in both groups for measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) levels.

The utility of serial plasma sE-selectin measurements in the prediction of retinopathy of prematurity in premature infants.

Background: sE-selectin has recently been suggested as a surrogate marker for prediction of ROP development.

Aims: The possible role of serial plasma sE-selectin measurements in early prediction and diagnosis of ROP was evaluated.

Study Design: Prospective observational study

Subjects: Forty six preterm infants aged <34weeks of gestation and weighing <1500 g were enrolled.

Efficacy of prophylactic fluconazole therapy in decreasing the incidence of Candida infections in extremely low birth weight preterm infants.

Objective: Systemic fungal infections are major causes of morbidity and mortality, and are associated with significant neurodevelopmental impairment in premature infants. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of fluconazole prophylaxis in prevention of systemic fungal infections among preterm infants.

Study Design: This observational pre-post cohort study was performed in preterm infants with a birth weight of < 1,000 g who were given prophylactic fluconazole starting on the first postnatal day at a dose of 3 mg/kg twice a week.

Neonatal Bartter syndrome and unilateral ectopic renal cyst as new renal causes of hydrops fetalis: two case reports and review of the literature.

Non-immune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) is a challenging entity as it represents the end stage of several different disorders. Renal and genitourinary causes of NIHF are rare and include congenital renal malformations, tumors and ureter-urethra disorders. Herein, two NIHF cases with different renal causes were presented.

An unusual cause of bilateral scrotal abscess in a preterm infant: Candida albicans.

Acute scrotal abscess is a rare condition in neonates. Most of these abscesses were reported to be unilateral and caused by Staphylococcus and Salmonella spp. Herein, we report a bilateral scrotal abscess in a preterm infant and Candida albicans was isolated from the scrotal fluid culture.

Transient leukemia-associated pericardial tamponade in a neonate with Down syndrome.

Approximately 10% of neonates with Down syndrome may develop a form of megakaryoblastic leukemia that usually disappear spontaneously during the first months of the life. Although it seems to have a benign course, it may also be lethal and severe in some cases, especially in the form of hydrops and/or cardiopulmonary failure. Herein, we report a male infant with Down syndrome who was admitted with respiratory distress due to severe pericardial effusion leading to pericardial tamponade in the first 2 weeks of life.

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and organic anion transporting polypeptide-2 gene mutations.

The aim of this study was to investigate the genotypic distribution of organic anion transporting polypeptide 2 (OATP-2) gene mutations and the relationship with hyperbilirubinemia of unknown etiology. Polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphism, and agarose gel electrophoresis techniques were used for detection of OATP-2 gene mutations in 155 newborn infants: 37 with unexplained hyperbilirubinemia, 65 with explained hyperbilirubinemia, and 53 without hyperbilirubinemia. In the OATP-2 gene, we identified A→G transitions at nucleotide positions 388 and 411 and observed six polymorphic forms.

Leukocytoclastic vasculitis in a child with epidermolysis bullosa simplex.

A 10-year-old boy with epidermolysis bullosa simplex (Weber-Cockayne variant) together with leukocytoclastic vasculitis is presented. He was admitted to the hospital with the provisional diagnoses of infected epidermolysis bullosa simplex or drug eruption. On the sixth day of hospitalization he developed palpable purpura, abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea, together with hematuria and proteinuria.