Glenoid track measurement using magnetic resonance imaging arthrography is predictive of recurrent instability following arthroscopic shoulder stabilisation.

Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to investigate medium-term survivorship following arthroscopic Bankart repair (ABR) for anterior glenohumeral instability. The secondary aim was to determine whether the pre-operative magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography glenoid track measurement predicted recurrent instability following ABR.

Methods: Over a 9-year period (2008-2017), 215 patients underwent ABR.

Acceptability and performance of a nonwoven device for vaginal drug delivery among women and their male partners in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Multipurpose prevention technologies are needed to provide protection against HIV and sexually transmitted infections. Gel-based vaginal microbicides inserted via an applicator are prone to leakage. A novel device for vaginal drug delivery was developed to contain gel-based formulations, aiming to improve gel retention and reduce leakage.

Political priorities and public health services in English local authorities: the case of tobacco control and smoking cessation services.

Background: Since 2013, local authorities in England have been responsible for public health including smoking cessation services.

Methods: Online surveys of tobacco control leads in English local authorities were conducted in 2014 (76% response rate, n = 116), 2015 (82% response rate, n = 124) and 2016 (85% response rate, n = 129).

Results: A high priority for tobacco control was reported in 17% of local authorities in 2014, rising to 27% in 2016.

Facial aesthetics: babies prefer attractiveness to symmetry.

The visual preferences of human infants for faces that varied in their attractiveness and in their symmetry about the midline were explored. The aim was to establish whether infants' visual preference for attractive faces may be mediated by the vertical symmetry of the face. Chimeric faces, made from photographs of attractive and unattractive female faces, were produced by computer graphics.

Culture and children's cosmology.

In this investigation, we examined children's knowledge of cosmology in relation to the shape of the earth and the day-night cycle. Using explicit questioning involving a choice of alternative answers and 3D models, we carried out a comparison of children aged 4-9 years living in Australia and England Though Australia and England have a close cultural affinity, there are differences in children's early exposure to cosmological concepts. Australian children who have early instruction in this domain were nearly always significantly in advance of their English counterparts.

Different forms of heroin and their relationship to cook-up techniques: data on, and explanation of, use of lemon juice and other acids.

Recent reports of the use of lemon juice in the preparation of heroin for injection have failed to recognize the importance of the different forms of heroin (in the form of the salt or the base) and the impact of this on the chemical manipulation required before injection. One hundred and four opiate addicts in London were interviewed about the forms of heroin (white, brown, etc) and their relationship to cook-up techniques (use of heat and acid). White heroin was typically prepared with water and heat; brown heroin was prepared with acid (citric acid or Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) or lemon juice) and heat; pharmaceutical heroin was prepared with water only (i.

Infants' attention to object structure in early categorization.

Three experiments with object-manipulation tasks examined the effect of object structure on 14-, 18-, and 22-month-olds' categorization. In Experiment 1, categorization of animals and vehicles was tested when object structure was normal and when it was violated by moving parts (legs or wheels) into a novel configuration. In Experiment 2, categorization of animals, vehicles, and furniture was examined when object structure was modified in orientation (e.

Hand-mouth coordination, congenital absence of limb, and evidence for innate body schemas.

Studies of phantom limb in cases of congenital (aplasic) absence of limb have provided inadequate evidence concerning the innate neurological substrate responsible for the phantom. In this study we review evidence from ultrasonic and behavioral studies of hand-mouth coordination in utero and in early infancy, neurobiological studies in primates, and studies of neural reorganization following amputation. We suggest two complementary hypotheses to explain aplasic phantoms.

Infants' use of object parts in early categorization.

Two experiments involving object-manipulation tasks were performed to examine whether 1- to 2-year-olds form superordinate-like categories by attending to object parts. In Study 1, 14-, 18-, and 22-month-olds were tested with contrasts of animals, furniture, insects, and vehicles. Fourteen- and 18-month-olds behaved systematically toward categories with different parts (legs or wheels) but not toward categories with matching parts (legs or legs).

Pointing and social awareness: declaring and requesting in the second year.

The production of pointing and other gestures (e.g. reaching or indicative gestures) by 47 infants aged 1;0 to 1;6 was investigated in two experiments contrasting declarative-referential vs.

Facial aesthetics: babies prefer attractiveness to symmetry.

The visual preferences of human infants for faces that varied in their attractiveness and in their symmetry about the midline were explored. The aim was to establish whether infants' visual preference for attractive faces may be mediated by the vertical symmetry of the face. Chimeric faces, made from photographs of attractive and unattractive female faces, were produced by computer graphics.

Origins of the proprioceptive function of vision: visual control of posture in one day old domestic chicks.

Recently hatched domestic chicks control their upright bipedal posture, at least in part, with respect to the flow of visual information at the retina, as do human infants when they first acquire control of the head, of sitting, and of standing. Some implications of the similarity of the proprioceptive function of vision in chicks and in humans for the origins and development of postural control are discussed.

Development of head position preference during early infancy: a longitudinal study in the daily life situation.

We studied developmental changes in supine head position preference in a group of 14 healthy full-term infants from age 3 to 18 weeks. The infants assumed an initial head-right position until 12 weeks. For the maintenance of a head position, a loglinear analysis revealed a developmental trend from an initial head orientation to the right to one with the head in the midline at around 12 weeks.

Evaluation of ketorolac, aspirin, and an acetaminophen-codeine combination in postoperative oral surgery pain.

One-hundred twenty-eight outpatients with postoperative pain after the surgical removal of impacted third molars were randomly assigned, on a double-blind basis, to receive oral doses of ketorolac tromethamine 10 mg, aspirin 650 mg, a combination of acetaminophen 600 mg plus codeine 60 mg, or placebo. Using a self-rating record, subjects rated their pain and its relief hourly for 6 hours after medicating. All active medications were significantly superior to placebo.

The young child's representation of depth in drawing: process and product.

Two experiments are reported from a series of studies in which plain blocks of various sizes were presented in various spatial orientations to children aged between 3 and 8 years in an attempt to establish how they represent three-dimensional spatial relations pictorially. The major results were that young children represent depth in the array vertically in the picture plane. Two important findings were that even from an early age drawings contain "view-centered" information and that children differentiate between the relative positions of objects in the array by the temporal order of their drawing.

Evaluation of flurbiprofen, acetaminophen, an acetaminophen-codeine combination, and placebo in postoperative oral surgery pain.

Eighty-eight outpatients with postoperative pain after the surgical removal of impacted third molars were randomly assigned, on a double-blind basis, to receive a single, oral dose of flurbiprofen 100 mg, acetaminophen 600 mg, a combination of acetaminophen 600 mg with codeine 60 mg, or placebo. Using a self-rating record, subjects rated their pain and its relief hourly for 12 hours after medicating. Estimates of sum of pain intensity differences, peak pain intensity differences, total relief, peak relief, and hours of 50% relief were derived from these subjective reports.

Sensorimotor intelligence in severely mentally handicapped children.

The pattern of cognitive development in severely mentally handicapped children was assessed with the Uzgiris-Hunt (1975) Scales of Infant Psychological Development, which measure pre-verbal sensorimotor intelligence. The normative data on which Uzgiris & Hunt constructed the Scales were used for the comparison. The results indicated considerable deficits in the handicapped children, particularly in imitation.

Postural and motor asymmetries in newlyborns.

Twelve full-term newlyborns were examined during wakefulness for head turning and maintenance of head position within the first hour after birth. Ten showed a rightward bias on both these measures. This is the youngest age since birth at which such lateralized functions have been reported.

A 12-Hour Evaluation of the Analgesic Efficacy of Diflunisal, Zomepirac Sodium, Aspirin, and Placebo in Postoperative Oral Surgery Pain.

One hundred ninety-nine outpatients with pain following oral surgery were randomly assigned, on a double-blind basis, a single oral dose of diflunisal (500 or 1,000 mg), zomepirac sodium 100 mg, aspirin 650 mg, or placebo. Using a self-rating record, subjects rated their pain and its relief hourly for 12 hours after medication. Measures of total and peak analgesia were derived from these patients' subjective reports.

A 12-hour evaluation of the analgesic efficacy of diflunisal, zomepirac sodium, aspirin, and placebo in postoperative oral surgery pain.

One hundred ninety-nine outpatients with pain following oral surgery were randomly assigned, on a double-blind basis, a single oral dose of diflunisal (500 or 1,000 mg), zomepirac sodium 100 mg, aspirin 650 mg, or placebo. Using a self-rating record, subjects rated their pain and its relief hourly for 12 hours after medication. Measures of total and peak analgesia were derived from these patients' subjective reports.

Neonatal localisation of a sound in visual space.

A tone was played to neonates in one of four conditions: in an unstructured visual field; spatially concordant with a single visual target; spatially discordant with a single visual target; or spatially concordant with one of two identical visual targets at different locations. Auditory-oculomotor spatial coordination, contingent on sound, was enhanced by the presence of a target in the visual field. Audition and vision are mutually supportive in auditory localisation from birth.

Verbal-performance discrepancies: relationship to birth risk and specific reading retardation.

169 unselected children were given the WPPSI at 4 1/2 years and the WISC-R at 8 1/2 years. Retrospective data on perinatal risk factors and neurological disease in childhood were collected. Verbal-performance discrepancies at 4 1/2 years were not related to perinatal risk, childhood neurological disease, left-handedness or subsequent reading ability.

Visual calibration of posture in normal and motor retarded Down's syndrome infants.

Infants with Down's syndrome are delayed in achieving motor milestones. When they first sit unsupported a discrepancy between visual and mechanical-vestibular indices of postural stability is less disruptive of their balance than in normal infants. Yet when they first stand unsupported, the same discrepancy disrupts balance more in these infants than in the normal infants.