Clinical outcomes of roux-en-Y gastric bypass versus medical therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The growing incidence of obesity has led to a proportionate rise in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its associated complications. We aimed to compare the long-term outcomes of Roux-en-y Gastric Bypass surgery (RYGB) and conventional medical management in T2DM obese patients.

Methods: PubMed, Google Scholar, and Clinicaltrial.

Development and External Validation of the Hidradenitis Suppurativa Cutaneous Abscess Prediction Score-2 (HSCAPS-2): A Clinical Decision Support Tool for Diagnosis of Hidradenitis Suppurativa over Cutaneous Abscess.

Introduction: Patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) experience a 10-year diagnosis delay, on average. Accordingly, time to diagnosis represents one of the greatest unmet needs in HS, which to date has not been adequately addressed. A general lack of awareness about HS in the medical community and a notable heterogeneity in clinical presentation, which is most often confused with cutaneous abscess (CA), forms the basis of poor disease recognition and diagnosis delay.

Topic Editorial on Photonic and Optoelectronic Devices and Systems.

Photonic and optoelectronic devices and systems represent a transformative paradigm in modern technology, exploiting the manipulation and utilization of light for diverse applications across various industries [...

Topic Editorial on Fiber-Optic Sensors.

Fiber-optic sensors are highly significant in modern technology due to their unique abilities and versatility [...

Suspended Slot Membrane Waveguide Based on Germanium-on-Silicon-on-Insulator at λ = 4.23 µm for CO Monitoring.

In this work, we propose a novel suspended slot membrane waveguide (SSMW) utilizing a germanium-on-silicon-on-insulator (Ge-on-SOI) platform for carbon dioxide (CO) gas-sensing applications. The design and analysis focus on the absorption line of CO in the mid-infrared region, specifically at a wavelength of 4.23 µm.

Sex disparities and trends in stroke incidence, prevalence, and mortality in the US and worldwide: Findings from the global burden of disease, 1990-2021.

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of death/disability, with notable differences in incidence, prevalence, and mortality observed. Despite advancement in stroke research, notable gaps persist in understanding the overall trend and sex-specific disparities in stroke burden over the past three decades, both in the United States of America (USA) and globally.

Aims: This observational-study aims to investigate evolving trends and sex-specific disparities in the incidence, prevalence, and mortality of stroke in the USA and globally from 1990 to 2021.

Prevalence of Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome in mine workers of Khewra salt mines.

Background: Hand-arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS) is a disorder caused by prolonged exposure to hand-held vibrating instruments, commonly observed in industrial contexts such as mining, construction, and manufacturing. It involves symptoms affecting the musculoskeletal, neurological, and vascular systems of the arm and hand.

Purpose: The main aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of HAVS among laborers working in the Khewra salt mines.

Seed-specific expression of AtWRI1 enhanced the yield of cotton seed oil.

The WRINKLED1 (WRI1) transcription factor controls carbon flow in plants through regulating the expression of glycolysis and fatty acid biosynthesis genes. The role of Gossypium hirsutum WRINKLED1 (GhWRI1) in seed-oil accumulation still needs to be explored. Multiple sequence alignment of WRI1 proteins confirmed the presence of two conserved AP2 domains.

Magnesium sulfate for fetal neuroprotection in preterm labor: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: Antenatal magnesium sulfate has been reported to reduce the risk of neurological impairment in fetuses born to women at risk of preterm labor. However, the evidence to support its use is conflicting. We conducted this meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of magnesium sulfate in women at risk of preterm labor as new research is available from RCTs giving insights into MgSO4 treatment among differing gestational age groups.

Type I interferon and mitochondrial dysfunction are associated with dysregulated cytotoxic CD8+ T cell responses in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus.

Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) is an autoimmune condition which causes significant morbidity in children and young adults and is more severe in its presentation than adult-onset SLE. While many aspects of immune dysfunction have been studied extensively in adult-onset SLE, there is limited and contradictory evidence of how cytotoxic CD8+ T cells contribute to disease pathogenesis and studies exploring cytotoxicity in JSLE are virtually non-existent. Here, we report that CD8+ T cell cytotoxic capacity is reduced in JSLE versus healthy controls, irrespective of treatment or disease activity.

HyperKAN: Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks Make Hyperspectral Image Classifiers Smarter.

In traditional neural network designs, a multilayer perceptron (MLP) is typically employed as a classification block following the feature extraction stage. However, the Kolmogorov-Arnold Network (KAN) presents a promising alternative to MLP, offering the potential to enhance prediction accuracy. In this paper, we studied KAN-based networks for pixel-wise classification of hyperspectral images.

Parental experience with childhood COVID-19 vaccines and factors associated with parental hesitancy despite being vaccinated: findings of a cross-sectional analysis from Pakistan and implications for the future.

Objectives: This study examined parental experiences with COVID-19 vaccination and factors contributing to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (CVH) among them to help guide future policy initiatives.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Lahore, the second largest metropolis in Pakistan.

Rising epidemiological trends in prevalence and mortality of mpox: Global insights and analysis.

Objectives: To explore the global epidemiological trends in the prevalence and mortality due to mpox in various regions worldwide.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study the data about mpox outbreak were recorded by the "World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and GSAID" from August 2023 to August 2024, analyzing the epidemiological trends from different countries worldwide.

Results: The total number of mpox cases has reached 99,518 (95,196 cases from 115 countries that have not historically reported mpox; and 4,322 cases from 07 states that have traditionally reported mpox), from a total of 122 countries.

Efficacy and safety of semaglutide: real-world tertiary care experience from Saudi Arabia.

Background: Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1, is an effective antidiabetic drug promoting weight loss and providing cardiovascular protection. The original trials did not include participants from Saudi Arabia; hence, the study's findings are expected to be useful.

Objectives: Explore the efficacy, safety, and favorable effects of once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide (1 mg) in patients with type 2 diabetes and those who received it as an off-license prescription without having diabetes.

Long-Term clinical efficacy of liraglutide for type 2 diabetes: real-world evidence and outcomes from Pakistan.

Background: Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, has demonstrated efficacy in improving glycemic control and promoting weight loss in clinical trials. However, real-world data from diverse populations, particularly from South Asia, are limited. The study aims to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of liraglutide in a real-world setting among Pakistani patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Comparative effect of olive oil and flaxseed oil on drug induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

This study investigates the hepatoprotective effects of olive oil and flaxseed oil on chemically induced hepatotoxicity in rats by evaluating key biochemical parameters, including free fatty acids, iodine value, liver enzymes (ALP, ALT, AST), cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL levels. The results demonstrated significant improvements in these markers with the administration of olive oil and flaxseed oil, either individually or in combination. The free fatty acid percentages and iodine values were consistent with the known nutritional properties of the oils.

Effects of prebiotics on microbial diversity and abundance in young children with acute malnutrition: study protocol for a multi-centered, double-blinded randomized controlled trial.

Background: The anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial benefits of prebiotics may present an affordable and cost-effective strategy for not only the prevention but also treatment of malnutrition. Therefore, the present trial has been designed with the aim to evaluate the role of prebiotics on the gut microbiome of severe acute malnourished (SAM) children.

Methods: The study is designed as a prospective, double-blinded, triple-armed, multi-centered randomized controlled trial, with 6-59 months old uncomplicated SAM children recruited to the experimental group receiving ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) plus prebiotics and the active comparator group receiving RUTF plus starch for 2 months duration (8 weeks).

Virtual histopathology methods in medical imaging - a systematic review.

Virtual histopathology is an emerging technology in medical imaging that utilizes advanced computational methods to analyze tissue images for more precise disease diagnosis. Traditionally, histopathology relies on manual techniques and expertise, often resulting in time-consuming processes and variability in diagnoses. Virtual histopathology offers a more consistent, and automated approach, employing techniques like machine learning, deep learning, and image processing to simulate staining and enhance tissue analysis.

Exploring the lived experiences of deep vein thrombosis patients in Lahore, Pakistan: a qualitative phenomenological study on healthcare challenges, resilience and social support.

Objective: This study aimed to explore and describe the lived psychological and emotional experiences of sufferers of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and to narrate the effect of those experiences on their daily lives.

Design, Setting And Participants: For data collection, a phenomenological qualitative design was used using semistructured, in-depth interviews of patients with DVT aged 18-70 years. Data were transcribed and analysed using the interpretative inductive approach to identify emergent themes.