Neutrophil extracellular traps characterize caseating granulomas.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide and still poses a serious challenge to public health. Recent attention to neutrophils has uncovered unexplored areas demanding further investigation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine neutrophil activation and circulatory neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation in various types of TB.

Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, and Ukraine, 2017-2022.

In 2021, the World Health Organization recommended new extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and pre-XDR tuberculosis (TB) definitions. In a recent cohort of TB patients in Eastern Europe, we show that XDR TB as currently defined is associated with exceptionally poor treatment outcomes, considerably worse than for the former definition (31% vs. 54% treatment success).

Treatment outcomes and risk factors for an unsuccessful outcome among patients with highly drug-resistant tuberculosis in Ukraine.

Objectives: To describe demographics, clinical features, and treatment outcomes of patients with highly drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in Ukraine, and to evaluate risk factors for an unsuccessful outcome.

Methods: Data from patients with multi-, pre-extensively, or extensively drug-resistant TB were collected prospectively from TB dispensaries in 15 out of 24 Ukrainian oblasts (regions) from 2020 to 2021. Treatment outcomes were evaluated using WHO definitions.

Chest X-ray as an alternative method of making a preliminary diagnosis in patients with susceptible or drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis.

Background: Making a preliminary diagnosis using X-ray methods for the study of resistant and resistant tuberculosis (TB) will help to make a preliminary diagnosis and determine further tactics for the treatment of TB, even with limited resources for microbiological diagnosis of drug resistance of TB. The present study was aimed at identifying chest X-ray differences between susceptible and resistant TB.

Methods: A prospective cohort study of data from all consecutive patients with culture-confirmed pulmonary TB admitted during the year to the Kharkiv TB Dispensary No.

Effectiveness of inhaled hypertonic saline application for sputum induction to improve Mycobacterium tuberculosis identification in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Background: This study assessed the effectiveness and diagnostic significance of hypertonic saline sputum induction for improving Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) detection.

Methods: A prospective, randomized, open, two-arm, comparative study on MTB identification effectiveness when using inhaled sodium chloride hypertonic solution was performed in patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Patients were randomly assigned into two groups: group 1 (inhalation group) included patients who inhaled a 7% sodium chloride solution upon admission to the hospital, and group 2 (control group) coughed up their sputum as usual.

Treatment effectiveness and outcome in patients with a relapse and newly diagnosed multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis.

Aim To investigate the treatment effectiveness and outcome in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis relapse and newly diagnosed multidrug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Methods A total of 240 pulmonary MDR-TB patients, including 114 ones with tuberculosis relapse and 126 cases of newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis, were examined. Effectiveness of the basic antimycobacterial therapy course was evaluated based on the time to normalization of tuberculosis clinical manifestation, sputum culture and acid-fast bacilli stain conversion, cavity closure, disappearance of infiltrative and focal changes in the pulmonary tissue.

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in the Kharkiv Region, Ukraine.

To document the level of drug resistance in MDR-TB patients and to characterize management capacities for their medical care and MDR-TB treatment outcomes in the Kharkiv region of Ukraine. This area has one of the highest frequencies of MDR-TB worldwide. A retrospective observational cohort study was performed on registry data from the regional anti-TB dispensary in Kharkiv.

Effectiveness of Intravenous Isoniazid and Ethambutol Administration in Patients with Tuberculosis Meningoencephalitis and HIV Infection.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of intravenous isoniazid (H) and ethambutol (E) administered in patients with new sputum positive drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) with tuberculous meningoencephalitis (TM) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection in the intensive phase of treatment.

Methods: Fifty-four patients with TB/TM and HIV co-infection were enrolled for this study. Group 1 comprised of 23 patients treated with E and H intravenously, while rifampicin and pyrazinamide were prescribed orally.

Phase III, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind trial of tableted, therapeutic TB vaccine (V7) containing heat-killed administered daily for one month.

Objective: Immunotherapy of tuberculosis (TB) to shorten treatment duration represents an unmet medical need. Orally delivered, tableted TB vaccine (V7) containing heat-killed (NCTC 11659) has been demonstrated in prior clinical studies to be safe and fast-acting immune adjunct.

Methods: The outcome of Phase III trial of V7 containing 10 µg of hydrolyzed was evaluated in 152 patients randomized at 2:1 ratio: V7 ( = 100), placebo ( = 52).

Effectiveness of anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy in patients with tuberculosis relapse compared with newly diagnosed patients.

Background: To study the effectiveness of antituberculosis chemotherapy in patients with relapse pulmonary tuberculosis (RTB) compared with patients with the newly diagnosed process.

Methods: We examined 285 TB patients, including 126 individuals with RTB (Group 1) and 159 patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis (NDPTB) (Group 2). All patients were diagnosed with infiltrative PTB.

Efficacy and safety of intravenous chemotherapy during intensive treatment phase in patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis.

Unlabelled: The purpose of our study was to examine the efficacy and safety of intravenous chemotherapy during intensive treatment phase for patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis (pulmonary TB).

Materials And Methods: The study involved 92 patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary TB aged between 20 years and 68 years. All patient with newly diagnosed pulmonary TB and chemosensitive tuberculosis were enrolled in this study.

Association between effectiveness of tuberculosis treatment and cytochrome P-4502E1 polymorphism of the patients.

Context: The risk of antituberculosis (TB) drug-induced liver injury could be determined by patients' genotype polymorphism of the xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. To find the meaning of cytochrome P-4502E1 (CYP2E1) polymorphism in TB patients. Corresponding of CYP2E1 polymorphism in TB patients with the level of isoniazid and rifampicin as well as for the outcome and toxicity development during inpatient TB treatment.

Changes in nitric oxide synthase and nitrite and nitrate serum levels in patients with or without multidrug-resistant tuberculosis undergoing the intensive phase of antituberculosis therapy.

Objective/background: There is a paucity of published data on the effect of tuberculosis (TB) chemotherapy on nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and metabolism in newly diagnosed and relapsed patients with or without multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB).

Methods: The pattern of NO response in 140 patients with pulmonary TB, including 74 with MDR-TB (1st group) and 66 without MDR-TB (2nd group) has been studied and compared with the NO status of 30 healthy donors (3rd group). Patients comprised those with newly diagnosed pulmonary TB (Subgroups 1B and 2B) and recurrent or relapsed TB (Subgroups 1A and 2A).

Efficacy and safety of quercetin and polyvinylpyrrolidone in treatment of patients with newly diagnosed destructive pulmonary tuberculosis in comparison with standard antimycobacterial therapy.

Objective/background: The aim of this work was to study the efficacy and safety of quercetin and polyvinylpyrrolidone (QP) in the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed destructive pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in comparison with standard antimycobacterial therapy.

Materials And Methods: The study involved 124 patients aged between 20years and 70years with newly diagnosed destructive pulmonary TB. Patients were allocated to two groups.

Morphological changes in experimental tuberculosis resulting from treatment with quercetin and polyvinylpyrrolidone.

Objective/background: Morphological study of a mice of tissue necrosis stages in experimental organ-preserving tuberculosis (TB) pharmacotherapy using quercetin and polyvinylpyrrolidone (QP).

Methods: A total of 32 laboratory mice of C57BL/6JLacSto strain were used in the experiment. The animals were divided into five groups (Group 1-5), with six to seven mice in each group: Group 1, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT)-uninfected mice; Group 2, MBT-infected mice; Group 3, MBT infected and treated with anti-TB preparation (ATP); Group 4, MBT infected and QP treated; and Group 5, MBT infected and treated with ATP and QP.

Efficacy and safety of quercetin and polyvinylpyrrolidone in treatment of patients with newly diagnosed destructive pulmonary tuberculosis in comparison with standard antimycobacterial therapy.

Objective/background: The objective/background of this work was to study the efficacy and safety of quercetin and polyvinylpyrrolidone (QP) in the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed destructive pulmonary tuberculosis in comparison with standard antimycobacterial therapy.

Materials And Methods: The study involved 124 patients aged between 20years and 70years with newly diagnosed destructive pulmonary tuberculosis. Patients were allocated to two groups.

Double-blind, placebo-controlled, 1:1 randomized Phase III clinical trial of Immunoxel honey lozenges as an adjunct immunotherapy in 269 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Aim: Safer and shorter antituberculosis treatment (ATT) regimens represent the unmet medical need.

Patients & Methods: The patients were randomly assigned into two arms: the first (n = 137) received once-daily sublingual honey lozenge formulated with botanical immunomodulator Immunoxel and the second (n = 132) received placebo lozenges along with conventional ATT. Immunoxel and placebo arms were demographically similar: 102 versus 106 had drug-susceptible TB; 28 versus 20 multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB); 7 versus 7 extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB); and 22 versus 20 TB-HIV.

Association of interleukins genes polymorphisms with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in Ukrainian population.

Introduction: Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) is a significant health problem in some parts of the world. Three major cytokines involved in TB immunopathogenesis include IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10. The susceptibility to MDR TB may be genetically determined.

Morphological changes in experimental tuberculosis resulting from treatment with quercetin and polyvinylpyrrolidone.

Research Objective: Morphological study of tissue necrosis stages in experimental organ-preserving tuberculosis pharmacotherapy using Quercetin and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (QP).

Background And Methods: 32 laboratory mice of C57BL/6JLacSto strain were used in the experiment. The animals were divided into five groups, six to seven mice in each: group 1- Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) uninfected mice; group 2- MBT infected mice; group 3- MBT infected and treated with antituberculosis preparation (ATP); group 4- MBT infected and QP treated; group 5- MBT infected and treated with ATP and QP.

Changes in nitric oxide synthase and nitrite and nitrate serum levels in patients with or without MDR-TB undergoing the intensive phase of anti-tuberculosis therapy.

Background: There is a paucity of published data on the effect of TB chemotherapy on nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and metabolism in newly diagnosed and relapsed patients with or without multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB).

Methods: The pattern of NO response in 140 patients with pulmonary TB, including 74 with MDR-TB and 66 without MDR-TB has been studied and compared to the NO status of 30 healthy donors. Patients comprised those with newly diagnosed TB and recurrent or relapsed TB.

Randomized, placebo-controlled Phase II trial of heat-killed Mycobacterium vaccae (Immodulon batch) formulated as an oral pill (V7).

Aim: A 1-month Phase II trial was conducted in 41 patients with pulmonary TB who were randomized into treatment (n = 20) and placebo (n = 21) arms to investigate the safety and efficacy of an orally-administered therapeutic TB vaccine (V7) containing 10 µg heat-killed Mycobacterium vaccae provided by Immodulon Therapeutics Ltd (London, UK).

Materials & Methods: Both arms received conventional anti-TB therapy administered along with a daily pill of V7 or placebo. The subject population had four categories of TB: drug-sensitive TB; retreated TB; drug-resistant TB; and TB with HIV distributed in V7 and placebo arms at 9:4:7:6 and 14:1:6:8 ratios, respectively.

Randomized, placebo-controlled phase II trial of heat-killed Mycobacterium vaccae (Longcom batch) formulated as an oral pill (V7).

One-month Phase II trial was conducted in 43 sputum smear-positive patients with pulmonary tuberculosis randomized into treatment (n = 22) and placebo (n = 21) arms to investigate the safety and efficacy of an orally-administered therapeutic TB vaccine (V7) containing 10 μg of heat-killed Mycobacterium vaccae provided by Longcom company. Immunotherapy and control groups comprised 8 newly diagnosed (1stDx TB; 18.6%), 6 re-treated (RTB; 14%), and 29 multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB; 67.