Index cholecystectomy rates in mild gallstone pancreatitis: a single-centre experience.

Background: Gallstone pancreatitis (GSP) has evidence-based guidelines regarding management. Both the International Association of Pancreatology/American Pancreatology Association and American College of Gastroenterology recommend index admission cholecystectomy (IAC) in patients presenting with mild GSP. The aim of this study was to examine guideline adherence and GSP recurrence rate when IAC was not performed.

The spatial structure of Phanerozoic marine animal diversity.

The global fossil record of marine animals has fueled long-standing debates about diversity change through time and the drivers of this change. However, the fossil record is not truly global. It varies considerably in geographic scope and in the sampling of environments among intervals of geological time.

Real-world use of emicizumab in patients with haemophilia A: Bleeding outcomes and surgical procedures.

Introduction: Emicizumab is a recombinant humanized bispecific antibody that bridges factor IXa and factor X to mimic the cofactor function of factor VIII. It is approved to prevent bleeding in patients with haemophilia A (HA). Outside of clinical trials, there is limited data on outcomes of patients treated with emicizumab, particularly in children without inhibitors.

: a juvenile rhynchocephalian reptile (Lepidosauromorpha), not a diminutive archosauromorph with an unusually strong bite.

Correctly identifying taxa at the root of major clades or the oldest clade-representatives is critical for meaningful interpretations of evolution. A small, partially crushed skull from the Late Triassic (Norian) of Connecticut, USA, originally described as an indeterminate rhynchocephalian saurian, was recently named and reinterpreted as sister to all remaining Rhynchosauria, one of the earliest and globally distributed groups of herbivorous reptiles. It was also interpreted as having an exceptionally reinforced snout and powerful bite based on an especially large supratemporal fenestra.

The apparent exponential radiation of Phanerozoic land vertebrates is an artefact of spatial sampling biases.

There is no consensus about how terrestrial biodiversity was assembled through deep time, and in particular whether it has risen exponentially over the Phanerozoic. Using a database of 60 859 fossil occurrences, we show that the spatial extent of the worldwide terrestrial tetrapod fossil record itself expands exponentially through the Phanerozoic. Changes in spatial sampling explain up to 67% of the change in known fossil species counts, and these changes are decoupled from variation in habitable land area that existed through time.

A unique predator in a unique ecosystem: modelling the apex predator within a Late Cretaceous crocodyliform-dominated fauna from Brazil.

Theropod dinosaurs were relatively scarce in the Late Cretaceous ecosystems of southeast Brazil. Instead, hypercarnivorous crocodyliforms known as baurusuchids were abundant and probably occupied the ecological role of apex predators. Baurusuchids exhibited a series of morphological adaptations hypothesized to be associated with this ecological role, but quantitative biomechanical analyses of their morphology have so far been lacking.

Exposure therapy for eating disorders: A systematic review.

Exposure therapy is a potential method for the treatment of eating disorders. The current paper reviews the literature on exposure interventions for eating disorders, including studies (N = 60) on exposure and response prevention (ERP), in vivo feared food exposure, mirror exposure, family-based treatment with exposure, and virtual reality exposure therapy. Mirror exposure alone or in the context of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can decrease body dissatisfaction.

Mammographic Screening in Older Women: When Is It Time to Stop?

Mammographic screening guidelines in women aged 75 and older are inconsistent due to a lack of data from prospective randomized controlled trials, such as those that exist for women between 40-74 years of age. In addition, older women are perceived as less likely to benefit from early detection due to increased comorbidities and a greater proportion of biologically favorable cancers. With increasing life expectancy and quality of life in the elderly, the question of when to stop mammographic screening merits renewed discussion.

Screening Breast Ultrasound: Update After 10 Years of Breast Density Notification Laws.

Breast density notification laws have grown from the first state legislation in Connecticut in 2009 to a federally mandated update to the Mammography Quality Standards Act in 2019. The increasing recognition of limited mammographic sensitivity in women with dense breasts has led to greater utilization of supplemental screening ultrasound. Robust data support improved detection of small node-negative invasive breast cancers with adjunctive ultrasound.

Co-occurrence of Acheulian and Oldowan artifacts with cranial fossils from Gona, Afar, Ethiopia.

Although stone tools generally co-occur with early members of the genus , they are rarely found in direct association with hominins. We report that both Acheulian and Oldowan artifacts and crania were found in close association at 1.26 million years (Ma) ago at Busidima North (BSN12), and ca.

Risk Factors and Complications Following Arthroscopic Tenotomy of the Long Head of the Biceps Tendon.

Background: Controversy exits regarding performing a tenotomy versus a tenodesis of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT).

Purpose: To evaluate the complications after arthroscopic tenotomy of the LHBT and characterize the incidence of cosmetic deformity, cramping, subjective weakness, and continued anterior shoulder pain (ASP). Additionally, to identify patient-related factors that may predispose a patient to these complications.

Identification of Risk Factors Prospectively Associated With Musculoskeletal Injury in a Warrior Athlete Population.

Background: Musculoskeletal injuries are a primary source of disability. Understanding how risk factors predict injury is necessary to individualize and enhance injury reduction programs.

Hypothesis: Because of the multifactorial nature of musculoskeletal injuries, multiple risk factors will provide a useful method of categorizing warrior athletes based on injury risk.

Prediction of Pancreatic Cancer Based on Imaging Features in Patients With Duct Abnormalities.

Objectives: Abnormalities of the main pancreatic duct may be an early indicator of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We develop and validate algorithms that predict the risk of PDAC using features identified on cross-sectional imaging and other clinical characteristics collected through electronic medical records.

Methods: Adult patients with abdominal computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging in January 2006 to June 2016 demonstrating dilatation of main pancreatic duct were identified.

Validation of the Enriching New-Onset Diabetes for Pancreatic Cancer Model in a Diverse and Integrated Healthcare Setting.

Background: The risk of pancreatic cancer is elevated among people with new-onset diabetes (NOD). Based on Rochester Epidemiology Project Data, the Enriching New-Onset Diabetes for Pancreatic Cancer (END-PAC) model was developed and validated.

Aims: We validated the END-PAC model in a cohort of patients with NOD using retrospectively collected data from a large integrated health maintenance organization.

Electrophysiological and Behavioral Responses of Queensland Fruit Fly Females to Fruit Odors.

Females of the Queensland fruit fly (QFF), Bactrocera tryoni, are amongst the most damaging pests of horticulture in Australia and neighboring countries. Females can lay eggs into more than a hundred species of fruits and vegetables, resulting in large crop losses. Sexually mature males can be managed sustainably with traps baited with long-lasting synthetic lures, and sexually immature males and females can be attracted and killed by short-lived protein baits applied directly on surfaces, with a low success rate (< 20%).

Burden of Specialist-Diagnosed Chronic Cough in Adults.

Background: The burden of chronic cough (CC) in patients seeking specialist care is infrequently researched.

Objective: To describe patient characteristics and disease burden associated with specialist-diagnosed CC.

Methods: Using administrative pharmacy and medical data, we identified patients aged 18 to 85 years with CC diagnosed by pulmonologists, allergists, otolaryngologists, or gastroenterologists.

PALB2 chromatin recruitment restores homologous recombination in BRCA1-deficient cells depleted of 53BP1.

Loss of functional BRCA1 protein leads to defects in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair by homologous recombination (HR) and renders cells hypersensitive to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors used to treat BRCA1/2-deficient cancers. However, upon chronic treatment of BRCA1-mutant cells with PARP inhibitors, resistant clones can arise via several mechanisms, including loss of 53BP1 or its downstream co-factors. Defects in the 53BP1 axis partially restore the ability of a BRCA1-deficient cell to form RAD51 filaments at resected DSBs in a PALB2- and BRCA2-dependent manner, and thereby repair DSBs by HR.

Loss of phenotypic inheritance associated with mutation leads to increased frequency of small, slow persisters in .

Whenever a genetically homogenous population of bacterial cells is exposed to antibiotics, a tiny fraction of cells survives the treatment, the phenomenon known as bacterial persistence [G.L. Hobby , 50, 281-285 (1942); J.

A low-mass planet candidate orbiting Proxima Centauri at a distance of 1.5 AU.

Our nearest neighbor, Proxima Centauri, hosts a temperate terrestrial planet. We detected in radial velocities evidence of a possible second planet with minimum mass sin = 5.8 ± 1.

The myeloid lineage is required for the emergence of a regeneration-permissive environment following tail amputation.

Regeneration-competent vertebrates are considered to suppress inflammation faster than non-regenerating ones. Hence, understanding the cellular mechanisms affected by immune cells and inflammation can help develop strategies to promote tissue repair and regeneration. Here, we took advantage of naturally occurring tail regeneration-competent and -incompetent developmental stages of tadpoles.

Supramolecular clustering of the cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5 in HEK293F cells, with and without the auxiliary β3-subunit.

Voltage-gated sodium channels comprise an ion-selective α-subunit and one or more associated β-subunits. The β3-subunit (encoded by the SCN3B gene) is an important physiological regulator of the heart-specific sodium channel, Nav1.5.