Early Identification of Language Disorders Using Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning: Challenges and Emerging Approaches.

Purpose: Recent advances in artificial intelligence provide opportunities to capture and represent complex features of human language in a more automated manner, offering potential means of improving the efficiency of language assessment. This review article presents computerized approaches for the analysis of narrative language and identification of language disorders in children.

Method: We first describe the current barriers to clinicians' use of language sample analysis, narrative language sampling approaches, and the data processing stages that precede analysis.

Fibula fixation is not associated with a higher rate of wound complications during pilon fracture open reduction internal fixation.

Introduction: There is a lack of consensus regarding indications for fibula fixation in pilon fractures. Reduction of the fibula fracture can assist with restoring lateral column length and reduction of the tibial plafond during pilon ORIF. However, there are theoretical concerns with wound complications and soft tissue insult.

Behavioral Response Modeling to Resolve Listener- and Stimulus-Related Influences on Audiovisual Speech Integration in Cochlear Implant Users.

Objectives: Speech intelligibility is supported by the sound of a talker's voice and visual cues related to articulatory movements. The relative contribution of auditory and visual cues to an integrated audiovisual percept varies depending on a listener's environment and sensory acuity. Cochlear implant users rely more on visual cues than those with acoustic hearing to help compensate for the fact that the auditory signal produced by their implant is poorly resolved relative to that of the typically developed cochlea.

Virtual Reality Exercise with Autonomy Support Increases Positive Affect During Time Trial Exercise.

Being able to choose elements of an exercise session, known as autonomy support, improves motor performance and psychological responses. Virtual reality (VR) programs provide many options for embedding autonomy support in exercise sessions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of autonomy support in a VR setting on physiological and psychological responses to self-regulated rowing exercise.

Exploring Patient, Proxy, and Clinician Perspectives on the Value and Impact of an Inpatient Portal: A Reflexive Thematic Analysis.

Background: Research exploring perspectives on inpatient portals reports that patients desire the information affordances of inpatient portals, and clinicians recognize their value for improving patient experience but also express caution regarding sharing aspects of the medical record. This study contributed to the existing literature on inpatient portals by considering the psychosocial dimension of clinician resistance to information sharing with inpatients and the power dynamic associated with clinician-patient information asymmetry. Along with the information affordances commonly discussed in this area, this study explored perspectives on the novel option to audio record consultations via an inpatient portal.

A rotenone organotypic whole hemisphere slice model of mitochondrial abnormalities in the neonatal brain.

Mitochondrial abnormalities underscore a variety of neurologic injuries and diseases and are well-studied in adult populations. Clinical studies identify critical roles of mitochondria in a wide range of developmental brain injuries, but models that capture mitochondrial abnormalities in systems representative of the neonatal brain environment are lacking. Here, we develop an organotypic whole-hemisphere (OWH) brain slice model of mitochondrial dysfunction in the neonatal brain.

Enabling awareness, agency and participation: Haematology patient experiences of an (in)patient portal's information affordances.

This study examines patient experiences of an inpatient portal's information affordances, including access to results, notes, vital signs, medication information and a schedule. Patient participants were recruited from an inpatient ward primarily catering to patients with haematological malignancies including leukaemia and bone marrow transplant recipients at the Royal Melbourne Hospital. Although focused on the inpatient experience of a portal's information affordances accessed via a hospital-provided tablet, due to limited patient access to notes in the inpatient context, this study also explored patient experiences of their outpatient portal notes accessed via their smartphone.

Civilian Ballistic Distal Femur Intraarticular Fracture Patterns.

The purpose of this study was to assess the rate and pattern of intraarticular extension of ballistic distal femur fractures. The authors examined all ballistic distal femur fractures that presented to their hospital between 2015 and 2019. The authors excluded direct condylar injuries and patients of whom a computed tomography (CT) scan was not obtained.

The association between infant sleep, cognitive, and psychomotor development: a systematic review.

Study Objectives: To synthesize findings of original articles examining the association between sleep-wake patterns of typically developing infants aged 0 to 18 months and cognitive and psychomotor development.

Methods: A systematic search strategy was used to identify articles assessing the association between infant sleep (0 to 18 months) and cognitive/psychomotor development (Medline, PsycINFO, and SCOPUS). Of 7136 articles screened, 22 articles met inclusion criteria, and the results were subsequently synthesized.

Uncertainty in REDD+ carbon accounting: a survey of experts involved in REDD+ reporting.

Background: Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) is a program established under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to reduce carbon emissions from forests in developing countries. REDD+ uses an incentive-based approach whereby participating countries are paid to reduce forest carbon loss and increase carbon storage. Country-level carbon accounting is challenging, and estimates of uncertainty in emission reductions are increasingly required in REDD+ reports.

Critical Review of Field Studies of Chemical Surface Coatings to Mitigate Leaching from Mining Wastes.

Source control of mine drainage and leachate from mining wastes is ideal, but there is limited use of control methods aside from removal of wastes to repositories or capping wastes in situ. In some locations, neither removal nor capping is possible; thus, there is renewed interest in understanding technologies for coating mining wastes. This paper presents the current state of knowledge from a critical review of the few field case studies where chemical coating technologies have been applied to mined surfaces (e.

Quantifying myelin density in the feline auditory cortex.

The cerebral cortex comprises many distinct regions that differ in structure, function, and patterns of connectivity. Current approaches to parcellating these regions often take advantage of functional neuroimaging approaches that can identify regions involved in a particular process with reasonable spatial resolution. However, neuroanatomical biomarkers are also very useful in identifying distinct cortical regions either in addition to, or in place of functional measures.

Short-Term Morbidity and Mortality after Distal Femur Open Reduction Internal Fixation in the Geriatric Population.

Objective: Distal femur fractures remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality for elderly patients. There is a lack of large population studies investigating short-term outcomes after distal femur c in elderly patients. The purpose of this study is to assess the incidence of and risk factors for various short-term outcomes after distal femur open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) in the geriatric population.

Microsnare retrieval as a bail-out technique of Detached Woven EndoBridge device: Illustrative series.

Background: The Woven EndoBridge (WEB) device (MicroVention, Tustin, CA, USA) has an excellent safety profile. While major complications such as device malposition and migration are rare, they can have serious consequences if not addressed promptly. Our case series describes the safety and efficacy of Amplatz goose neck microsnare device (Medtronic in Irvine, CA, USA) in endovascular retrieval of a detached WEB device.

Lateral Compression Manipulation: A Simple Approach for Sizing Taller-Than-Wide Intracranial Aneurysms with the Woven EndoBridge Device.

Background And Purpose: The Woven EndoBridge (WEB) system has established itself as a safe and effective option for managing wide-neck bifurcation aneurysms. Addressing aneurysms with a greater height than width using conventional WEB-sizing methods has proved ineffective due to the inherent configuration of the devices. To overcome this limitation, we propose an intuitive approach that involves swapping the width and height dimensions of the aneurysm to determine the appropriate WEB size.

Does Surgeon Compensation Differ by Implant Choice for the Treatment of Femoral Neck Fractures?

The objective of this study was to determine if physicians are compensated equally for the treatment of femoral neck fractures based on fixation method in a propensity score matched cohort of patients. The American College of Surgeons' National Surgical Quality Improvement Project (ACS NSQIP) database was queried for patients undergoing open reduction internal fixation (ORIF), hemiarthroplasty (HA), and total hip arthroplasty (THA) for femoral neck fractures. Exact matching was used to account for differences in patient-specific variables and underlying medical comorbidities.

Outcomes of Iliac Wing Fractures: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

To review the literature on iliac wing fractures to assess outcomes of operative and nonoperative treatment. A search of PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was performed. Articles reporting on iliac wing fractures without pelvic ring destabilization or intraarticular extension were included.