Occupational exposure to benzene and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in an extended follow-up of two population-based prospective cohorts of Chinese men and women.

The carcinogenicity of benzene was reevaluated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer in 2017, with the Working Group reaffirming positive yet inconclusive associations with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). To extend our previous observation of a significant exposure-response for cumulative occupational benzene exposure and NHL risk among Chinese women in a population-based cohort in Shanghai, we extended follow-up of this cohort and pooled the data with a similarly designed population-based cohort of men in Shanghai. Cumulative exposure estimates were derived for 134,449 participants in the pooled analysis by combining ordinal job-exposure matrix intensity ratings with quantitative benzene measurements from an inspection database of Shanghai factories.

A nested case-control study of untargeted plasma metabolomics and lung cancer among never-smoking women within the prospective Shanghai Women's Health Study.

The etiology of lung cancer in never-smokers remains elusive, despite 15% of lung cancer cases in men and 53% in women worldwide being unrelated to smoking. Here, we aimed to enhance our understanding of lung cancer pathogenesis among never-smokers using untargeted metabolomics. This nested case-control study included 395 never-smoking women who developed lung cancer and 395 matched never-smoking cancer-free women from the prospective Shanghai Women's Health Study with 15,353 metabolic features quantified in pre-diagnostic plasma using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry.

Associations between Longer Leukocyte Telomere Length and Increased Lung Cancer Risk among Never Smokers in Urban China.

Background: The complex relationship between measured leukocyte telomere length (LTL), genetically predicted LTL (gTL), and carcinogenesis is exemplified by lung cancer. We previously reported associations between longer pre-diagnostic LTL, gTL, and increased lung cancer risk among European and East Asian populations. However, we had limited statistical power to examine the associations among never smokers by gender and histology.

Household air pollution and epigenetic aging in Xuanwei, China.

Background: Household air pollution (HAP) from indoor combustion of solid fuel is a global health burden linked to lung cancer. In Xuanwei, China, lung cancer rate for nonsmoking women is among the highest in the world and largely attributed to high levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that are produced from combustion of smoky (bituminous) coal used for cooking and heating. Epigenetic age acceleration (EAA), a DNA methylation-based biomarker of aging, has been shown to be highly correlated with biological processes underlying the susceptibility of age-related diseases.

Exposure to smoky coal combustion emissions and leukocyte Alu retroelement copy number.

Household air pollution (HAP) from indoor combustion of solid fuel is a global health burden that has been linked to multiple diseases including lung cancer. In Xuanwei, China, lung cancer rate for non-smoking women is among the highest in the world and largely attributed to high levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that are produced from combustion of smoky (bituminous) coal. Alu retroelements, repetitive mobile DNA sequences that can somatically multiply and promote genomic instability have been associated with risk of lung cancer and diesel engine exhaust exposure.

Alterations to biomarkers related to long-term exposure to diesel exhaust at concentrations below occupational exposure limits in the European Union and the USA.

Background: We previously found that occupational exposure to diesel engine exhaust (DEE) was associated with alterations to 19 biomarkers that potentially reflect the mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Whether DEE is associated with biological alterations at concentrations under existing or recommended occupational exposure limits (OELs) is unclear.

Methods: In a cross-sectional study of 54 factory workers exposed long-term to DEE and 55 unexposed controls, we reanalysed the 19 previously identified biomarkers.

Methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from household coal use across the life course and risk of lung cancer in a large cohort of 42,420 subjects in Xuanwei, China.

Background: We previously showed that exposure to 5-methylchrysene (5MC) and other methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) best explains lung cancer risks in a case-control study among non-smoking women using smoky coal in China. Time-related factors (e.g.

Association between diesel exhaust exposure and mitochondrial DNA methylation.

Objectives: Diesel exhaust is an established human carcinogen, however the mechanisms by which it leads to cancer development are not fully understood. Mitochondrial dysfunction is an established contributor to carcinogenesis. Recent studies have improved our understanding of the role played by epigenetic modifications in the mitochondrial genome on tumorigenesis.

Exposure to diesel engine exhaust and alterations to the Cys34/Lys525 adductome of human serum albumin.

We investigated whether exposure to carcinogenic diesel engine exhaust (DEE) was associated with altered adduct levels in human serum albumin (HSA) residues. Nano-liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (nLC-HRMS) was used to measure adducts of Cys34 and Lys525 residues in plasma samples from 54 diesel engine factory workers and 55 unexposed controls. An untargeted adductomics and bioinformatics pipeline was used to find signatures of Cys34/Lys525 adductome modifications.

Incidence of myeloid malignancies by subtype in Hong Kong and comparisons with Asian and white men and women in the United States.

Data on incidence rates of myeloid malignancies for subtypes based on the World Health Organization (WHO) classification are lacking in Asian populations. We compared age-adjusted incidence rates for 27 myeloid malignancy WHO-defined subtypes in Hong Kong (HK) (2014-2016) with those for Asian and white individuals living in the United States (U.S.

Benzene exposure and risk of benzene poisoning in Chinese workers.

Objectives: Benzene is a known haematoxin and leukemogen that can cause benzene poisoning (BP), that is, a persistent reduction in white cell counts that is strongly associated with increased risk of lymphohaematopoietic malignancies. Data are needed on the exposure-response, particularly at low doses and susceptible populations for clinical and regulatory purposes.

Methods: In a case-cohort study among 110 631 Chinese workers first employed 1949-1987 and followed up during 1972-1999, we evaluated BP risk according to benzene exposure level and investigated risk modification by subject (sex, attained age) and exposure-related factors (latency, exposure windows, age at first benzene exposure, coexposure to toluene) using excess relative risk and excess absolute risk models.

Commute patterns, residential traffic-related air pollution, and lung cancer risk in the prospective UK Biobank cohort study.

Introduction: Commuting exposes millions of people to carcinogens from traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) but is seldomly considered in epidemiologic studies of lung cancer. In the prospective United Kingdom (UK) Biobank cohort study, we investigated associations between commute patterns, residential nitrogen dioxide concentrations (NO; a surrogate for TRAP), and lung cancer risk.

Methods: We analyzed 234,124 employed participants at baseline (2006-2010).

A Prospective Investigation of Circulating Metabolome Identifies Potential Biomarkers for Gastric Cancer Risk.

Background: Metabolomics is widely used to identify potential novel biomarkers for cancer risk. No investigation, however, has been conducted to prospectively evaluate the role of perturbation of metabolome in gastric cancer development.

Methods: 250 incident cases diagnosed with primary gastric cancer were selected from the Shanghai Women's Health and the Shanghai Men's Health Study, and each was individually matched to one control by incidence density sampling.

Sub-multiplicative interaction between polygenic risk score and household coal use in relation to lung adenocarcinoma among never-smoking women in Asia.

We previously identified 10 lung adenocarcinoma susceptibility loci in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) conducted in the Female Lung Cancer Consortium in Asia (FLCCA), the largest genomic study of lung cancer among never-smoking women to date. Furthermore, household coal use for cooking and heating has been linked to lung cancer in Asia, especially in Xuanwei, China. We investigated the potential interaction between genetic susceptibility and coal use in FLCCA.

Variation in oral microbiome is associated with future risk of lung cancer among never-smokers.

Objective: To prospectively investigate whether diversity in oral microbiota is associated with risk of lung cancer among never-smokers.

Design And Setting: A nested case-control study within two prospective cohort studies, the Shanghai Women's Health Study (n=74 941) and the Shanghai Men's Health Study (n=61 480).

Participants: Lifetime never-smokers who had no cancer at baseline.

White Blood Cell Count and Risk of Incident Lung Cancer in the UK Biobank.

Background: The contribution of measurable immunological and inflammatory parameters to lung cancer development remains unclear, particularly among never smokers. We investigated the relationship between total and differential white blood cell (WBC) counts and incident lung cancer risk overall and among subgroups defined by smoking status and sex in the United Kingdom (UK).

Methods: We evaluated 424 407 adults aged 37-73 years from the UK Biobank.

Benzene exposure-response and risk of lymphoid neoplasms in Chinese workers: A multicenter case-cohort study.

Background: While international agreement supports a causal relationship of benzene exposure with acute myeloid leukemia, there is debate about benzene and lymphoid neoplasm risks.

Methods: In a case-cohort study with follow-up of 110 631 Chinese workers during 1972-1999, we evaluated benzene exposure-response for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), lymphoid leukemias (LL), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), and total lymphoid neoplasms (LN). We estimated benzene exposures using state-of-the-art hierarchical modeling of occupational factors calibrated with historical routine measurements and evaluated cumulative exposure-response using Cox regression.