Violence Exposure and Trauma Screener for Youth (VETSY).

Background: Youth exposed to violence are at serious risk for physical, emotional, behavioral, and mental distress. Reliable and prompt detection is necessary to mitigate the psychological consequences of youth violence exposure and trauma.

Objective: To describe the initial creation of the VETSY screener and its construct validity and potential use.

Doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic: what are their duties and what is owed to them?

Doctors form an essential part of an effective response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We argue they have a duty to participate in pandemic response due to their special skills, but these skills vary between different doctors, and their duties are constrained by other competing rights. We conclude that while doctors should be encouraged to meet the demand for medical aid in the pandemic, those who make the sacrifices and increased efforts are owed reciprocal obligations in return.

Examination of a New Brief Screener to Measure Trauma Symptoms and Violence Exposure Among Young Children.

The purpose of this study was to create a reliable, quick and easy to administer screening measure of violence exposure and trauma for children from infancy through age 7. In a sample of 6,676 children, caregivers completing a 22-item screener reported nearly one out of five youth had been exposed as witness or victim to at least one kind of violence. For trauma, caregivers reported that their children had trouble going to sleep at least sometimes (15.

Role of research psychology in defence and security.

The following article provides an overview of the research psychology capabilities within MOD's Defence Science Technology Laboratory (Dstl). An explanation is provided of the role of Dstl psychologists and the way they work to deliver impacting applied scientific research to address 'real world' defence and security challenges. Three short case studies are provided to illustrate the range of work they delivered.

The ethics conundrum in Recall by Genotype (RbG) research: Perspectives from birth cohort participants.

Purpose: Recall by genotype (RbG) research recruits on the basis of genetic variation. Increased use of this approach presents an ethical conundrum for cohort studies/biobanks: whether to inform individuals of their genetic information and deviate from standard practice of non-disclosure of results, or mask this information at the level of the individual participant. This paper examines the perspectives of research study participants on RbG research.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of remotely delivered interventions using self-monitoring or tailored feedback to change dietary behavior.

Background: Self-monitoring (SM) of diet and tailored feedback (TF) have been suggested as tools for changing dietary behavior. New technologies allow users to monitor behavior remotely, potentially improving reach, adherence, and outcomes.

Objective: We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to address the following question: are remotely delivered standalone (i.

Formalising recall by genotype as an efficient approach to detailed phenotyping and causal inference.

Detailed phenotyping is required to deepen our understanding of the biological mechanisms behind genetic associations. In addition, the impact of potentially modifiable risk factors on disease requires analytical frameworks that allow causal inference. Here, we discuss the characteristics of Recall-by-Genotype (RbG) as a study design aimed at addressing both these needs.

The Effect of Interprofessional Student-Led Reproductive Health Education on Youths in Juvenile Detention.

Study Objective: To assess the effects of an interprofessional student-led comprehensive sexual education curriculum in improving the reproductive health literacy among at-risk youths in detention.

Design, Setting, And Participants: We performed a prospective cohort study involving 134 incarcerated youth and an interprofessional team of 23 medical, nursing, and social work students, who participated in a comprehensive reproductive health curriculum over the course of 3 days.

Interventions, And Main Outcome Measures: Basic reproductive health knowledge, confidence in condom use with a new partner, and self-efficacy with regard to contraception use and sexual autonomy were assessed before and after completion of the curriculum.

Responding to the mental health and substance abuse needs of youth in the juvenile justice system: Ohio's Behavioral Health/Juvenile Justice Initiative.

Nearly half a million inmates with mental health issues are housed in our country’s jails and prisons. The majority of juvenile justice-involved (JJI) youth have a history of behavioral health (mental health or substance use) problems. Multiple studies estimate that between 65% to 75% of juvenile justice-involved youth have at least one behavioral health disorder, and 20% to 30% report suffering from a serious behavioral disorder.

The impact of neighborhood disorganization on neighborhood exposure to violence, trauma symptoms, and social relationships among at-risk youth.

Previous research has demonstrated that exposure to violence (ETV) is a serious concern across the north-south socioeconomic divide. While studies have found that social support is a protective factor for youth exposed to violence and trauma, little is known about the impact of trauma symptoms on forming and maintaining social relationships which are key to accessing a vital social resource that fosters resilience in youth experiencing trauma symptomatology. Building on previous models that examine the impact of neighborhoods on exposure to violence and trauma, the current study examines the impact of neighborhood disorganization on ETV among youth and ETV's effects on trauma symptoms and social relationships.

Effect of retinoic acid on the phosphorylation of endogenous proteins in HL-60 cells.

HL-60 cells were incubated with [32P]-Pi in order to label endogenous phosphoproteins in situ. These were then resolved via two-dimensional electrophoresis and autoradiograms were made from the gels. A comparison of autoradiograms made from retinoic-acid-differentiated cells with those made from control cells revealed a small number of phosphoproteins whose labeling was enhanced in differentiated cells.

Actions and interactions of estradiol and retinoic acid in mouse anterior prostate gland.

Experiments were designed to define the ability of retinoic acid to block the estrogen-induced metaplasia in the mouse anterior prostate gland (coagulating gland), and to elucidate some of the biochemical correlates of the actions and interactions of these two compounds. In castrated mice, the estrogen-induced metaplasia of epithelial cells consisted of multi-layered, nonpolarized cells, which accumulated to fill the lumen of the acini. Retinoic acid had no discernable effect on epithelial morphology of castrates, but significantly reduced the estrogen-induced metaplasia.

Characterization and androgenic regulation of soluble protein kinases and protein phosphorylation in rat ventral prostate gland.

The soluble protein kinase activities for protamine and casein, the histone kinases modulated by cAMP or Ca2+ and phospholipid, as well as the phosphorylation patterns of endogenous proteins were measured in rat ventral prostates from normal adults, castrates, and dihydrotestosterone-treated castrates. In normal prostate, the ratio of cAMP-dependent type I and II kinases was approximately 1:5. After a 3-week period of castration-induced regression, the concentrations of both enzymes were increased, but on a total organ basis, type I was decreased to 56%, while type II was reduced to 20% of normal levels.

Calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase activity and protein phosphorylation in HL60 cells induced to differentiate by retinoic acid.

Treatment of human promyelocytic (HL60) cells with retinoic acid for at least 48 h causes differentiation to more mature myeloid forms. Prior to commitment of cells to the myeloid pathway there is a marked increase in cytosolic calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase activity. This increase does not result from an intracellular redistribution of the enzyme.

Subcellular location of stimulus-affected endogenous phosphoproteins in the rat parotid gland.

Rat parotid minces were labeled with [32P]Pi, stimulated with isoproterenol, homogenized in sucrose, and fractionated on continuous sucrose density gradients. We analyzed the resulting fractions by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiograms were made from the gels. Comparison of fractions from control and isoproterenol-stimulated minces revealed seven phosphoproteins that were affected by isoproterenol.

Cyclic AMP-dependent and -independent protein kinases and protein phosphorylation in human promyelocytic leukemia (HL60) cells induced to differentiate by retinoic acid.

The human leukemia cell line HL60 which resembles promyelocytes can be induced to differentiate to cells displaying features of the mature myeloid phenotype by a variety of agents including retinoic acid (RA) and agents that elevate intracellular adenosine 3:5 cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) levels, e.g., 8-bromo-cyclic adenosine 3:5 monophosphate (8-Br-cyclic AMP), cholera toxin.

Cyclic AMP in the regulation of exocytosis in the rat parotid gland. Evidence obtained with cholera toxin.

The effects of cholera toxin on rat parotid gland function were determined in order to further characterize the relationship between cyclic AMP and exocytosis in this tissue. Cholera toxin induced the release of alpha-amylase from rat parotid minces in vitro. This release was accompanied by an activation of adenylate cyclase, elevated cyclic AMP levels, an elevated protein kinase activity ratio, and changes in the degree of phosphorylation of three endogenous phosphoproteins.

The effect of calmodulin antagonists on amylase release from the rat parotid gland in vitro.

The effect of several calmodulin antagonists on the release of alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.

The involvement of protein phosphorylation in stimulus-secretion coupling in the mouse exocrine pancreas.

Secretagogue-induced protein phosphorylation was studied in the mouse pancreas in vitro, by using polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis to separate the labelled proteins. Muscarinic cholinergic agonists increased the phosphorylation of a single band, which corresponded to Mr 32000, when the tissue was incubated with Ca2+ present in the extracellular medium, but not in Ca2+-free Krebs solution. In the presence of Ca2+, ionophore A23187 stimulated phosphorylation of the same band.

The role of cyclic AMP in the regulation of exocytosis in the rat parotid gland: evidence obtained with the isoproterenol analog PI-39.

The isoproterenol analog, PI-39, induced a dose-dependent release of alpha-amylase from rat parotid minces in vitro. This effect was blocked by propranolol, a beta-adrenergic antagonist. PI-39 alone had no effect on parotid cyclic AMP levels or on protein kinase activation as assessed by the activity ratios method.