Potential for extending the chloramphenicol dosing interval for canine urinary tract infections.

Canine urinary excretion of chloramphenicol was evaluated to optimize a dosing protocol for treating urinary tract infections. Seven healthy male intact purpose-bred Beagles and six healthy client-owned dogs of various breeds each received a single oral 50 mg/kg dose of chloramphenicol. Urine was collected at baseline, and 6, 8, 12, and 24 h after chloramphenicol.

Florfenicol urinary excretion and its potential for treating canine urinary tract infections.

The canine urinary excretion of florfenicol was evaluated to explore its potential for treating urinary tract infections. Nine healthy male intact purpose-bred Beagles and four healthy client-owned dogs each received a single oral dose of florfenicol 20 mg/kg (300 mg/mL parenteral solution) with food. All voluntary urinations were collected for 12 h.

detected in the oral cavity of a dog in Kansas.

is an emerging human fungal pathogen, first described in Japan in 2009, and first detected in the United States in 2016. Here, we report the first-ever description of colonizing a human pet, the first identification of in a non-human mammal in the United States and the first isolate from the state of Kansas. While analyzing the oral mycobiome of dogs from a shelter in Kansas, the oral swab from one dog was found to contain as well as three other fungal species.

Fungal diversity and drug susceptibility of the oral mycobiome of domestic dogs.

The purpose of this study was to characterize the variety and diversity of the oral mycobiome of domestic dogs and to identify the commensal and potentially pathogenic fungi present. Two hundred fifty-one buccal swabs from domestic dogs were obtained and struck onto a chromogenic fungal growth medium that distinguishes between fungal species based on colony color and morphology. After isolating and harvesting single colonies, genomic DNA was extracted from pure cultures.

Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic cutoff values for benzylpenicillin in horses to support the establishment of clinical breakpoints for benzylpenicillin antimicrobial susceptibility testing in horses.

Introduction: The aim of this international project was to establish a species-specific Clinical Breakpoint for interpretation of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of benzylpenicillin (BP) in horses.

Methods: A population pharmacokinetic model of BP disposition was developed to compute PK/PD cutoff values of BP for different formulations that are commonly used in equine medicine around the world (France, Sweden, USA and Japan). Investigated substances were potassium BP, sodium BP, procaine BP, a combination of procaine BP and benzathine BP and penethamate, a prodrug of BP.

Correlation of opioid antinociception and hypothermia in dogs-An animal welfare refinement.

The purpose of this study was to assess antinociception and correlation of antinociception and hypothermic effects after intravenous opioids in dogs. Nine healthy male Beagles were enrolled in the study. They were acclimated to a thermal nociceptive device, then received three IV treatments (saline, butorphanol 0.

Pharmacokinetics of mavacoxib in New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus).

Objectives: To characterize the pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose (6 mg/kg) of mavacoxib in New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and to characterize any clinicopathologic effects with this medication and dose.

Animals: Six healthy, 4-month-old New Zealand White rabbits (3 male, 3 female).

Procedures: Before drug administration, clinicopathologic samples were collected for baseline data (CBC, serum biochemical analyses, and urinalysis including urine protein-to-creatinine ratio).

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intramuscular dexmedetomidine in dogs.

Objective: To determine the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dexmedetomidine after IM administration in dogs.

Animals: 6 healthy adult purpose-bred dogs (3 males, 3 females) with a mean ± SD body weight of 25.2 ± 1.

Oral fluconazole has variable pharmacokinetics in dogs.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of food and manufacturer on the oral bioavailability of fluconazole in dogs. We hypothesized feeding would decrease fluconazole bioavailability and large variability between manufacturers would occur. Six healthy purpose-bred dogs aged 2-3 years, weighing 9.

Dosing protocols to increase the efficacy of butorphanol in dogs.

The purpose of this study was to improve butorphanol dosing in dogs. Twelve Beagles (6 males, 6 females) were enrolled. Six were randomly allocated to each butorphanol treatment: IV (0.

Pharmacokinetics of Cannabidiol in the Hispaniolan Amazon Parrot ().

The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of cannabidiol (CBD), a potential treatment option that may alleviate pain in companion animals and humans, in the Hispaniolan Amazon parrot (). A pilot study administered a single oral dose of CBD in hemp oil at 10 mg/kg to 2 birds and 20 mg/kg to 2 birds. Because the maximum serum concentrations () for these doses were 5.

Feeding decreases the oral bioavailability of cannabidiol and cannabidiolic acid in hemp oil in New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus).

Objective: To determine the pharmacokinetics of a solution containing cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), administered orally in 2 single-dose studies (with and without food), in the domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus).

Animals: 6 healthy New Zealand White rabbits.

Procedures: In phase 1, 6 rabbits were administered 15 mg/kg CBD with 16.

Long-acting injectable methadone (methadone-fluconazole) provides safe and effective postoperative analgesia in a randomized clinical trial for dogs undergoing soft tissue surgery.

Objective: To assess the pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, and adverse effects of injectable methadone with the pharmacokinetic enhancer fluconazole (methadone-fluconazole), compared with the standard formulation of injectable methadone, in dogs after ovariohysterectomy. We hypothesized that 2 doses of methadone-fluconazole would provide 24 hours of postoperative analgesia.

Animals: 3 purpose-bred dogs (pharmacokinetic preliminary study) and 42 female dogs from local shelters (clinical trial) were included.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa susceptibility, antibiogram and clinical interpretation, and antimicrobial prescribing behaviors for dogs with otitis in the Midwestern United States.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) can cause otitis in dogs that is nonresponsive to empirical therapy. This study evaluated P.

Prednisolone and dexamethasone are systemically absorbed after topical application of ophthalmic suspensions in healthy dogs.

Objective: To quantify plasma concentrations of prednisolone and dexamethasone (peripheral and jugular) and cortisol following topical ophthalmic application of 1% prednisolone acetate and 0.1% dexamethasone to healthy adult dogs.

Animals: 12 purpose-bred Beagles.

Plasma concentrations of tramadol after transdermal application of a single metered dose of a compounded tramadol gel to cats.

Objective: To determine plasma tramadol concentrations in cats following a single dose of oral and transdermal formulations and the pharmacokinetics for and the concentration of tramadol in the transdermal formulation.

Animals: 8 healthy client-owned domestic shorthair cats.

Procedures: 1 cat was orally administered 1 dose of tramadol (2 mg/kg), and 7 cats received 1 dose of a proprietary compounded tramadol gel product (median actual dose, 2.

Comparisons of hematologic results for juvenile versus adult shelter dogs presented for ovariohysterectomy or castration.

Objective: To compare hematologic results for juvenile versus adult dogs from shelters that outwardly appeared healthy and were presented for ovariohysterectomy or castration.

Animals: 138 dogs from 13 regional shelters.

Procedures: Each dog underwent a physical examination (including use of a flea comb), age estimation by dental eruption characteristics, PCV, CBC, and tests for antigen and , and antibodies.

TERBINAFINE PHARMACOKINETICS FOLLOWING SINGLE-DOSE ORAL ADMINISTRATION IN RED-EARED SLIDER TURTLES (): A PILOT STUDY.

In this pilot study, the pharmacokinetics of terbinafine were determined in six apparently healthy red-eared slider turtles () after a single PO administration. Terbinafine suspension (15 mg/kg, once) was administered via gavage tube to all turtles. Blood samples were collected immediately before (time 0) and at 1, 2, 4, 8, 24, and 48 h after drug administration.

Pilot Study of a Single Dose of Orally Administered Tapentadol Suspension in Hispaniolan Amazon Parrots ().

Tapentadol is an analgesic agent that acts as both a µ-opioid receptor agonist and a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. It is a common therapeutic agent in human medicine for management of acute and chronic pain, and it is currently being investigated for use in veterinary medicine. Tapentadol was evaluated in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots () because there is only 1 other oral opioid-like analgesic agent, tramadol, which has been evaluated in an avian species.

Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics and opioid effects of a novel analgesic with a deterrent to human opioid abuse (methadone-fluconazole-naltrexone) after oral administration in dogs.

Objective: To assess the pharmacokinetics and opioid effects of methadone after administration of multiple doses by means of 2 dosing regimens of methadone-fluconazole-naltrexone.

Animals: 12 healthy Beagles.

Procedures: Dogs were randomly allocated (6 dogs/group) to receive 1 of 2 oral dosing regimens of methadone-fluconazole-naltrexone.

Evaluation of urine concentrations of amoxicillin and clavulanate in cats.

Background: To characterize urinary isolates, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) uses an amoxicillin breakpoint for cats based on plasma (not urine) drug concentrations (≤0.25 μg/mL), but a urine-specific breakpoint for dogs exists (≤8 μg/mL).

Objectives: To measure urine concentrations of amoxicillin and clavulanate after PO administration of amoxicillin-clavulanate to cats, and to suggest updated urine-specific susceptibility breakpoints for PO amoxicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanate in cats.

Perioperative analgesia associated with oral administration of a novel methadone-fluconazole-naltrexone formulation in dogs undergoing routine ovariohysterectomy.

Objective: To determine perioperative analgesia associated with oral administration of a novel methadone-fluconazole-naltrexone formulation in dogs undergoing routine ovariohysterectomy.

Animals: 43 healthy female dogs.

Procedures: Dogs were randomly assigned to receive the methadone-fluconazole-naltrexone formulation at 1 of 2 dosages (0.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a novel analgesic with a deterrent to human opioid abuse (methadone-fluconazole-naltrexone) after oral administration in dogs.

Objective: To determine the effects of coadministration of naltrexone, a human opioid abuse deterrent, on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a methadone-fluconazole combination administered orally to dogs.

Animals: 12 healthy Beagles.

Procedures: Dogs (body weight, 10.

PHARMACOKINETICS OF ORAL MAVACOXIB IN CARIBBEAN FLAMINGOS ().

Mavacoxib is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that has been used for management of osteoarthritis and other inflammatory conditions in dogs. The main advantage of mavacoxib over other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is its longer plasma half-life, leading to decreased dosing frequency. This study determined the pharmacokinetics of mavacoxib in Caribbean flamingos () after a single-dose oral administration of 6 mg/kg ( = 6).