A Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism in ABCC4 Is Associated with Tenofovir-Related Beta2-Microglobulinuria in Thai Patients with HIV-1 Infection.

Background: In Thailand, the combined generic anti-retroviral drug stavudine/lamivudine/nevirapine (d4T/3TC/NVP) has been used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals since 2001. Due to relatively frequent adverse effects, d4T gradually has been replaced with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). Although the frequency of adverse drug effects with TDF is lower than that with d4T, TDF is known to induce kidney dysfunction, especially in the proximal tubules.

Clinical case definition and manifestations of paradoxical tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.

Background: The International Network for the Study of HIV-associated IRIS (INSHI) recently published criteria for tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) diagnosis. The performance of this definition and clinical manifestations of TB-IRIS were studied.

Methods: Antiretroviral therapy-naive HIV/TB Thai patients receiving antituberculous therapy were enrolled during 2006-2007 and prospectively followed through 24 weeks of antiretroviral therapy.

Risk factors for mortality in symptomatic hyperlactatemia among HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in a resource-limited setting.

Objectives: To determine the mortality rate and risk factors after experiencing symptomatic hyperlactatemia in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among patients who were diagnosed with symptomatic hyperlactatemia (lactate >2.5mmol/l) between January 2004 and April 2006.