Aetiology of fever in returning travellers and migrants: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Numerous publications focus on fever in returning travellers, but there is no known systematic review considering all diseases, or all tropical diseases causing fever. Such a review is necessary in order to develop appropriate practice guidelines.

Objectives: Primary objectives of this review were (i) to determine the aetiology of fever in travellers/migrants returning from (sub) tropical countries as well as the proportion of patients with specific diagnoses, and (ii) to assess the predictors for specific tropical diseases.

Insights from an interprofessional post-COVID-19 rehabilitation unit: A speech and language therapy and respiratory medicine perspective.

Objective: We present a case report that complements the conclusion of Stam et al. in their call to rehabilitation facilities to anticipate and prepare to address post intensive care syndrome in post-Covid-19 patients.

Methods: The case report presented here provides insight into treating mechanically ventilated post-Covid-19 patients.

Validating a novel index (SWAT-Bp) to predict mortality risk of community-acquired pneumonia in Malawi.

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia is a major cause of mortality worldwide. Early assessment and initiation of management improves outcomes. In higher-income countries, scores assist in predicting mortality from pneumonia.

Relevance of copper transporter 1 and organic cation transporters 1-3 for oxaliplatin uptake and drug resistance in colorectal cancer cells.

Oxaliplatin is a routinely used drug in the treatment of colorectal cancer. However, development of resistance is a major hurdle of the chemotherapy success. Defects in cellular accumulation represent a frequently reported feature of cells with acquired resistance to platinum drugs.

Improving the provision of driving advice on discharge after abdominal surgery.

Ensuring the safety of patients is a vital duty of a doctor. It is their responsibility to advise patients about activity limitations on discharge from hospital. This study aims to assess the current provision of driving advice for patients after abdominal surgery and institute improvements to this provision of information in North Bristol NHS Trust.

Improving handover of patient care using a new weekend proforma with a focus on ceiling of care.

Patient handover is paramount for effective patient care and is often poorly documented or incomplete. North Bristol NHS Trust weekend handover proformas identify medical patients requiring weekend review. Many patients seen during on-call shifts are not handed over.

Photobiology of sea ice algae during initial spring growth in Kangerlussuaq, West Greenland: insights from imaging variable chlorophyll fluorescence of ice cores.

We undertook a series of measurements of photophysiological parameters of sea ice algae over 12 days of early spring growth in a West Greenland Fjord, by variable chlorophyll fluorescence imaging. Imaging of the ice-water interface showed the development of ice algae in 0.3-0.

Effect of reactivity on cellular accumulation and cytotoxicity of oxaliplatin analogues.

The purpose of this study was to systematically investigate the relationships between reactivity, cellular accumulation, and cytotoxicity of a panel of oxaliplatin analogues with different leaving groups in human carcinoma cells. The reactivity of the complexes towards the nucleotides 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate and 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-monophosphate was studied using capillary electrophoresis. Cellular accumulation and cytotoxicity were measured in an oxaliplatin-sensitive and oxaliplatin-resistant ileocecal colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line pair (HCT-8/HCT-8ox).

Enhancing lipophilicity as a strategy to overcome resistance against platinum complexes?

Decreased influx represents one of the major resistance mechanisms of platinum complexes. In order to address the question if this mechanism of resistance can be overcome by enhancing the lipophilicity of platinum complexes, we investigated the influence of lipophilicity on cellular accumulation and cytotoxicity in a panel of oxaliplatin analogues with different carrier ligands. Cellular accumulation, DNA platination and cytotoxicity were measured in a cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant ovarian carcinoma (A2780/A2780cis) and in an oxaliplatin-sensitive and -resistant ileocecal colorectal adenocarcinoma (HCT-8/HCT-8ox) cell line pair.

Effect of extracellular ATP on cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in human ovarian carcinoma cells.

Background: Cisplatin resistance has been mainly associated with decreased cellular accumulation and increased intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels. ATP is known to increase the membrane permeability of cells and to decrease intracellular GSH levels. Our study aimed at using extracellular ATP to sensitize ovarian carcinoma cells towards cisplatin.

ATP sensitizes H460 lung carcinoma cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis.

Platinum resistance of cancer cells may evolve due to a decrease in intracellular drug accumulation, decreased cell permeability or by an increased deactivation of the drug by glutathione (GSH). The aim of this study was (1) to investigate the effect of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) on the cytotoxicity of cisplatin in a large cell lung carcinoma cell line (H460), and (2) to examine the potential involvement of increased cisplatin uptake, GSH depletion and pyrimidine starvation by ATP in this effect. H460 cells were harvested and seeded (5% CO(2); 37 degrees C).

Altered localisation of the copper efflux transporters ATP7A and ATP7B associated with cisplatin resistance in human ovarian carcinoma cells.

Background: Copper homeostasis proteins ATP7A and ATP7B are assumed to be involved in the intracellular transport of cisplatin. The aim of the present study was to assess the relevance of sub cellular localisation of these transporters for acquired cisplatin resistance in vitro. For this purpose, localisation of ATP7A and ATP7B in A2780 human ovarian carcinoma cells and their cisplatin-resistant variant, A2780cis, was investigated.

Pressure ulcer prevention in nursing homes: views and beliefs of enrolled nurses and other health care workers.

Unlabelled: BACKGROUND In the Netherlands much attention has been paid to pressure ulcer prevention. National guidelines on pressure ulcer prevention were developed in 1985 and adapted in 1992 at the request of a national organization for quality assurance in health care. Several studies indicate that nurses seem to be insufficiently informed about pressure ulcer preventive activities.

3-Chlorotyrosine as a marker of protein damage by myeloperoxidase in tracheal aspirates from preterm infants: association with adverse respiratory outcome.

Oxidative injury is implicated in the development of chronic lung disease in preterm infants with respiratory distress. However, direct evidence of a causal role is limited and the source of reactive oxidants has not been identified. We have previously shown that protein carbonyl levels in tracheal aspirates correlate positively with myeloperoxidase, suggesting that neutrophil oxidants could be the source of this protein injury.

The effect of selenium supplementation on outcome in very low birth weight infants: a randomized controlled trial. The New Zealand Neonatal Study Group.

Background: Low selenium (SE) status has been documented in preterm infants and has been suggested to be a risk factor for chronic lung disease.

Methods: A total of 534 infants with birth weight <1500 g were enrolled in 8 New Zealand centers in a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial of SE supplementation from week 1 of life until 36 weeks' postmenstrual age or discharge home. Supplemented infants received 7 microg/kg/d of SE when fed parenterally and 5 microg/kg/d when fed orally.

Protein carbonyls and lipid peroxidation products as oxidation markers in preterm infant plasma: associations with chronic lung disease and retinopathy and effects of selenium supplementation.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether protein carbonyls and the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) are elevated in plasma from very low birth weight (<1500 g) infants, whether they are affected by selenium supplementation, and whether they are associated with poor respiratory outcome or retinopathy. The study group comprised 173 infants enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of selenium supplementation. Plasma samples, collected before randomization, at 7 and 28 d after birth, and at 36 wk postmenstrual age, were analyzed for protein carbonyls and total MDA.

Elevated protein carbonyls and lipid peroxidation products correlating with myeloperoxidase in tracheal aspirates from premature infants.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the oxidative injury markers, protein carbonyls and malondialdehyde (MDA), are elevated in tracheal aspirates from very low birth weight (< 1500 g) infants; to determine whether levels correlate with myeloperoxidase as a marker of neutrophil inflammation; and to assess whether high levels are associated with poor respiratory outcome. Tracheal aspirates (144 samples) were collected from 86 infants < 1500 g at times of routine suctioning. Aspirates (82 samples) from 54 infants > or = 1500 g who required intubation for a variety of diagnoses were analyzed for comparison.

Protein carbonyl measurements show evidence of early oxidative stress in critically ill patients.

Objective: To determine whether there is evidence of oxidative injury in patients who are critically ill with severe sepsis or major trauma, by measuring protein and lipid oxidation products.

Design: A prospective, observational study.

Setting: Critical care unit at a university teaching hospital.

Evidence-based nursing practice: both state of the art in general and specific to pressure sores.

The importance of research-based practice in nursing has been frequently stressed, and a number of nursing studies have been conducted whose results enable nursing to improve knowledge and practice. This study reports a literature review in which the current status of knowledge and research utilization with regard to pressure sores is described. This review first gives an overview of studies on knowledge utilization in general and shows that the spontaneous diffusion of knowledge is inappropriate.

The effectiveness of massage in preventing pressure sores: a literature review.

The prevention of pressure sores is a major concern of rehabilitation nurses. Through the years, several methods have been used to prevent pressure sores. One of the most commonly used methods is massage of bony prominences and pressure areas.