Impact of Serum GDF-15 and IL-6 on Immunotherapy Response in Cancer: A Prospective Study.

Background: Immunotherapy has transformed cancer treatment; however, predicting treatment response remains challenging. Serum biomarkers can help identify patients who are most likely to benefit from immunotherapy.

Objective: This study evaluates the relationship between serum growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and treatment outcomes in cancer patients undergoing second-line immunotherapy.