Genome-wide in-silico analysis of ethylene biosynthesis gene family in Musa acuminata L. and their response under nutrient stress.

Ethylene is a gaseous phytohormone involved in plants' growth and developmental processes, including seed germination, root initiation, fruit ripening, flower and leaf senescence, abscission, and stress responses. Ethylene biosynthesis (EB) gene analysis in response to nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) stress has not yet been conducted in Musa acuminata (banana) roots. The genome mining of banana (Musa acuminata L.

Genome-wide identification of CCO gene family in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and its comparative analysis with A. thaliana.

Carotenoid cleavage oxygenase (CCO) is an enzyme capable of converting carotenoids into volatile, aromatic compounds and it plays an important role in the production of two significant plant hormones, i.e., abscisic acid (ABA) and strigolactone (SL).

Biocontrol rhizobacteria enhances growth and yield of wheat () under field conditions against .

The current study aimed to identify the survival of bio-control bacteria with antifungal activity against and assess their growth promoting activity in wheat crop field conditions. To evaluate the fungicidal activities of isolated bacteria using the dual culture method, both qualitative and quantitative bioassays were performed. Plant Growth Promoting activities such as Indole 3-Acetic Acid (IAA), phosphate solubilization, Hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and Siderophore production were assessed for three biocontrol bacterial isolates (BCB 07, BCB16, and BCB 83) out of 180 with 70% antagonistic activity against .

Expression of Chitinase and shRNA Gene Exhibits Resistance to Fungi and Virus.

With the increasing global population, saving crops from diseases caused by different kinds of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and nematodes is essential. Potato is affected by various diseases, destroying many crops in the field and storage. In this study, we developed potato lines resistant to fungi and viruses, Potato Virus X (PVX) and Potato Virus Y (PVY), by inoculating chitinase for fungi and shRNA designed against the mRNA of the coat protein of PVX and PVY, respectively.

Enhancing the quality of staple food crops through CRISPR/Cas-mediated site-directed mutagenesis.

The enhancement of CRISPR-Cas gene editing with robust nuclease activity promotes genetic modification of desirable agronomic traits, such as resistance to pathogens, drought tolerance, nutritional value, and yield-related traits in crops. The genetic diversity of food crops has reduced tremendously over the past twelve millennia due to plant domestication. This reduction presents significant challenges for the future especially considering the risks posed by global climate change to food production.

Genome scale analysis of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase gene family in G. barbadense and its functions in cotton fiber development.

A class of proteins, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACO), is required in the final step of production of ethylene from its immediate precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). Despite the crucial and regulatory role of ACO gene family in the fiber development, it has not been thoroughly analyzed and annotated in G. barbadense genome.

Management of mung bean leaf spot disease caused by Phoma herbarum through Penicillium janczewskii metabolites mediated by MAPK signaling cascade.

Vigna radiata L., an imperative legume crop of Pakistan, faces hordes of damage due to fungi; infecting host tissues by the appressorium. The use of natural compounds is an innovative concern to manage mung-bean fungal diseases.

Host-induced silencing of the CpCHI gene resulted in developmental abnormalities and mortality in maize stem borer (Chilo partellus).

RNAi-based insecticides for crop protection have witnessed rapid improvement over the years. However, their potential to efficiently control maize stem borer (Chilo partellus) pests has remained underexplored. In this study, double-stranded C.

Heterologous expression of cry1Ia12 insecticidal gene in cotton encodes resistance against pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae); an alternate insecticidal gene for insect pest management.

Background: Cotton is continuously exposed to sucking and chewing insect pest pressure since emergence to harvesting. Pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella) has become major chewing insect pest to reduce the cotton yield and results in bad lint quality even in transgenic crops. The efficiency of insecticidal genes has been compromised due to extensive utilization of transgenic crops.

Consequences of Drought Stress Encountered During Seedling Stage on Physiology and Yield of Cultivated Cotton.

Survival of living organisms depends on the availability of water resources required for agriculture. In the current scenario of limited water resources, it is our priority to maximise the yield potential of crops with a minimum supply of available water. In this study, we evaluated seven cultivated varieties of (FH-114, FH-152, FH-326, FH-492, FH-942, VH-327 and FH-NOOR) for their tolerance, yield potential and fibre quality under water shortages.

Silencing a Myzus persicae Macrophage Inhibitory Factor by Plant-Mediated RNAi Induces Enhanced Aphid Mortality Coupled with Boosted RNAi Efficacy in Transgenic Potato Lines.

Myzus persicae causes considerable losses to crops as a major pest. The damage is direct by feeding and also partly indirect because it vectors plant viruses. The currently available control strategies rely on unsafe and nonecofriendly chemical pesticide applications.

Characterization and survival of broad-spectrum biocontrol agents against phytopathogenic fungi.

The current study intended to isolate, characterize and identify biocontrol bacteria possessing broad-spectrum antifungal activity from the phyllosphere of different crops including maize, wheat and potato and to assess their growth-promoting activity. In this study 14/113 biocontrol bacteria showed antifungal activity. Bacterial isolates M11 and M33 from maize out of 113 were re-selected on the basis of their strong (more than 50%) broad spectrum antifungal activity after their assessment against four economically important phytopathogenic fungi including Alternaria alternata, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium verticillioides.

Genetic architecture of Al toxicity tolerance in rice F populations determined through QTL mapping.

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is one of the factors limiting crop production in acidic soils. Identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs)/genes for tolerance to Al toxicity at seed germination can aid the development of new tolerant cultivars. The segregating population derived from Pak Basmati (Indica) × Pokkali (Indica) was used for mapping QTLs linked with tolerance to Al toxicity ranging from 0 to 20 mM at pH 4 ± 0.

Expression of ice recrystallization inhibition protein in transgenic potato lines associated with reduced electrolyte leakage and efficient recovery post freezing injury.

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is considered to be frost-susceptible as short spells of frost can reduce the tuber yield and quality. Ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) protein helps prevent growth of ice crystals in the cell apoplast during frost and help prevent damage associated with freezing stress.

Effectiveness of community health workers involvement in smoking cessation programme: A systematic review.

Background: Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) has set the target to reduce premature mortalities from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) by one-third. One of the ways to achieve this is through strengthening the countries' implementation of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC). Community health workers (CHWs) involvement has shown promising results in the prevention of NCDs.

Advances in exogenous RNA delivery techniques for RNAi-mediated pest control.

Climate change imposes a great threat to world food security and encourages insect pest proliferation and spreading. Because of these challenges, identifying novel biotechnology pest management and its applications is inevitable. RNA interference (RNAi) is a gene regulatory process used for the maintenance and regulation of host defences against invading viruses.

Resistance to Chilo infuscatellus (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea) in transgenic lines of sugarcane expressing Bacillus thuringiensis derived Vip3A protein.

Sustainable agriculture requires management of insect pests through resistance development. The biological potential of Cry toxins and Vip protein, derived from Bacillus species, is widely recognized in this context. The identification, evaluation of new insecticidal protein genes with different mode of action and entomotoxicity against sugarcane stem borer (Chilo infuscatellus) is important to overcome evolved insect resistance.

Identification and validation of potential reference gene for effective dsRNA knockdown analysis in Chilo partellus.

Chilo partellus is an invasive polyphagous pest that has not been effectively managed with chemical pesticides. To select potential dsRNAs for use in an alternate control strategy, it is crucial to identify and evaluate stable reference genes for knockdown expression studies. This study evaluates the expression stability of seven candidate reference genes in C.

Antifungal activity of chitinase II against Colletotrichum falcatum Went. causing red rot disease in transgenic sugarcane.

We evaluated transgenic lines of sugarcane modified with the barley chitinase class-II gene to create resistance against the red rot causative agent Colletotrichum falcatum Went. Local sugarcane cultivar SP93 was transformed with a 690-bp coding sequence of the chitinase-II gene under the influence of a polyubiquitin promoter. Transgenic sugarcane lines (T 0) overexpressing the chitinase gene were obtained through a particle bombardment method with 13.

Mini Review - Epigenetics: Quest for no-escape to HIV, a persistent pathogen.

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a disease infection mix, which is primarily because of 'deficient' immune system. Human Immune-deficiency Virus (HIV) makes the immune system susceptible to many infections by infiltrating it. Many researchers believe that HIV is a mutated form of Simian Immune-deficiency Virus (SIV).

A virus-derived short hairpin RNA confers resistance against sugarcane mosaic virus in transgenic sugarcane.

RNA interference (RNAi) is commonly used to produce virus tolerant transgenic plants. The objective of the current study was to generate transgenic sugarcane plants expressing a short hairpin RNAs (shRNA) targeting the coat protein (CP) gene of sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV). Based on multiple sequence alignment, including genomic sequences of four SCMV strains, a conserved region of ~ 456 bp coat protein (CP) gene was selected as target gene and amplified through polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Improved antifungal activity of barley derived chitinase I gene that overexpress a 32kDa recombinant chitinase in Escherichia coli host.

Agricultural crops suffer many diseases, including fungal and bacterial infections, causing significant yield losses. The identification and characterisation of pathogenesis-related protein genes, such as chitinases, can lead to reduction in pathogen growth, thereby increasing tolerance against fungal pathogens. In the present study, the chitinase I gene was isolated from the genomic DNA of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.

Prediction of Host-Derived miRNAs with the Potential to Target PVY in Potato Plants.

Potato virus Y has emerged as a threatening problem in all potato growing areas around the globe. PVY reduces the yield and quality of potato cultivars. During the last 30 years, significant genetic changes in PVY strains have been observed with an increased incidence associated with crop damage.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: Risk factors and control measures for the infection abatement.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a vector-borne viral disease, widely distributed in different regions of the world. The fever is caused by the CCHF virus (CCHFV), which belongs to the genus and family. The virus is clustered in seven genotypes, which are Africa-1, Africa-2, Africa-3, Europe-1, Europe-2, Asia-1 and Asia-2.

Potato virus Y mRNA expression knockdown mediated by siRNAs in cultured mammalian cell line.

RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool for functional gene analysis which has been successfully used to downregulate the expression levels of target genes. The goal of this research was to provide a highly robust and concise methodology for in-vitro screening of efficient siRNAs from a bulk to be used as a tool to protect potato plants against PVY invasion. In our study, a 480 bp fragment of the capsid protein gene of potato virus Y (CP-PVY) was used as a target to downregulate PVY mRNA expression in-vitro, as the CP gene interferes with viral uncoating, translation and replication.