Changes in selected serum biochemical and EKG values with age in cynomolgus macaques.

Normal serum values for alkaline phosphatase were significantly higher in juvenile male cynomolgus monkeys compared to adults. Conversely, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was significantly lower in juveniles than adults. A comparison of selected EKG parameters from each group revealed no significant differences; however, there was a trend towards mean left axis deviation in adult animals.

The effect of bupropion, a new antidepressant drug, and alcohol and their interaction in man.

The effects of bupropion and ethanol were examined alone and in combination in a placebo controlled, double-blind, crossover study in 12 healthy volunteers. Results were subjected to analysis of variance and differences of p less than 0.05 taken as significant.

Fine structure analysis and surface characteristics of mouse mammary gland adenocarcinomas.

Mammary adenocarcinomas from C3H/HeJ mice carrying the mammary tumor virus were studied by means of light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopy. The histological appearance of the tumors was variable; however, 60% were classified as type B adenocarcinomas, while 20% were type A and 20% were composed of equal regions characteristic of both types. Four populations of tumor cells were observed with the TEM.

Toxicity and efficacy of ivermectin in chelonians.

Five red-footed tortoises (Geochelone carbonaria) treated for intestinal nematode parasitism with a single IM injection of ivermectin (0.4 mg/kg) were found in a state of extreme paresis or flaccid paralysis. One tortoise recovered normal motor function over the next 7 to 10 days.

Clinical trials with canine distemper vaccines in exotic carnivores.

Two types of killed canine distemper virus (CDV) vaccine and a modified-live CDV vaccine were clinically evaluated in four species of exotic carnivores. In 16 trials in which 13 red pandas (Ailurus fulgens) were given the killed vaccine, only 1 animal had a virus-neutralization titer that exceeded 1:100. A red panda given modified-live CDV vaccine deemed safe for gray foxes and ferrets died of bacterial pneumonia 16 days later.

Unique seminal quality in the South African cheetah and a comparative evaluation in the domestic cat.

Analysis of 40 semen samples collected by electroejaculation from 18 cheetahs revealed no major differences in seminal traits among Transvaal, South West (Namibia) or hybrid (Transvaal X South West) males. However, mean spermatozoal concentration (14.5 X 10(6) spermatozoa/ml of ejaculate) and percent motility (54.

The cheetah is depauperate in genetic variation.

A sample of 55 South African cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus jubatus) from two geographically isolated populations in South Africa were found to be genetically monomorphic at each of 47 allozyme (allelic isozyme) loci. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of 155 abundant soluble proteins from cheetah fibroblasts also revealed a low frequency of polymorphism (average heterozygosity, 0.013).

Male mouse accessory sex glands in organ culture.

Explants of epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, and coagulating gland from 10-12-week-old and 7-8-month-old male Swiss Webster mice were maintained in synthetic media without serum or hormones for up to 28 days. Differences were observed in the survival and responses of each gland and the behavior of the principal and basal cells. Epithelial cell migration was pronounced in the vas, moderate in the epididymis, and low in the seminal and coagulating gland.

Pterygodermatites nycticebi (Nematoda: spirurida) in golden lion tamarins.

Pterygodermatites nycticebi (syn Rictularia nycticebi), a spirurid nematode first described in the slow loris (Nycticebus coucang), recently has been associated with morbidity and mortality in the golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia rosalia) collection at the National Zoological Park. Adult worms were found in the lumen of the small intestine with their anterior ends embedded in the mucosa. Larvae, when present, were deeper in the submucosa.

Neuropathological findings in thanatophoric dysplasia.

Central nervous system abnormalities were found in seven infants with thanatophoric dysplasia, including two with cloverleaf skull deformity. These abnormalities were megalencephaly, dysplastic temporal cortex, lateral displacement of basal ganglia, dysplasia of several nuclei, and fiber tract deformities. They are characteristic and distinct components of thanatophoric dysplasia.

Electroejaculation and semen analysis and freezing in the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca).

Semen was collected by a standardized electroejaculation procedure from a giant panda on 4 occasions. Ejaculate volume, sperm count and % sperm motility were 2.3-3.

The microcomputer as an aid to medical records management in a zoological park.

A system for computerizing clinical medical records at a zoological park was designed, using microcomputer system components. Records were entered and retrieved in natural language, with minimal coding of information. Commercially available computer programs were used to manage data from anesthesia, radiography, clinical pathology, vaccination records, and tuberculin testing records.

Mycobacterial osteomyelitis in captive marsupials.

Mycobacterial osteomyelitis was detected in 3 marsupials exhibited at the National Zoological Park, Washington, DC. One Matschiei's tree kangaroo (Dendrolagus matschiei), 1 Parma wallaby (Macropus parma), and 1 long-nosed rat kangaroo (Potorous tridactylus) were affected. The Parma wallaby had disseminated granulomatosis.

Parvovirus enteritis in vaccinated juvenile bush dogs.

Parvovirus enteritis developed in 10 of 17 vaccinated juvenile bush dogs (Speothos venaticus) from 4 litters in a 5-month period. Nine dogs died. The first outbreak involved 6 of 9 bush dogs from 2 litters.

The effects of bupropion, a new antidepressant drug, and diazepam, and their interaction in man.

The effects of single oral doses of bupropion, diazepam and the two combined, were examined in twelve (six male, six female) healthy volunteers, using a balanced cross over design and double-blind conditions. Results were analysed by analysis of variance and values of < 0.05 taken as significant.

Gonadotropin regimen for inducing ovarian activity in captive wild felids.

Five species of felids (cheetah, North Chinese leopard, tiger, lion, and puma) were serially injected with a source of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to evaluate its effect on ovarian activity. Animals were subjected to laparoscopy before and after gonadotropin treatment, and the number and appearance of mature ovarian follicles (MF), corpora hemorrhagica (CH), and corpora lutea (CL) were recorded and photographed. Ovarian morphologic features, including MF, CH, and CL anatomy, were similar among various species.

Pharmacokinetics and tissue concentrations of tylosin in selected avian species.

Tissue and plasma concentrations and the biological half-life of tylosin in avian species of a variety of body sizes and metabolic rates were studied. The species chosen were eastern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus virginianus), pigeons (Columba livia), greater sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis tabida), and emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae). In the 1st phase of this study, tylosin was administered IM to quail, pigeons, and emus at a dosage rate of 25 mg/kg of body weight and to cranes at a dosage rate of 15 mg/kg.

Hematologic values of captive golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia): variations with sex, age, and health status.

Blood samples obtained from 104 captive golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia), collected over a 7-year period, were analyzed for hematologic values. Variations associated with sex, age, and health status were identified. Females had higher total plasma protein values, while males had higher numbers of basophils, hematocrits, and hemoglobin concentrations.

The psychological parenting and permanency principles in child welfare: a reappraisal and critique.

The psychological parenting and permanency of care principles address important problems in child welfare. The focus of the theories, however, draws attention away from the underlying cause of family stress, and may serve to validate child welfare departments' failures to respond to that stress in the context of the family. It is suggested that aspects of the theories are overly mechanistic, and that there exists a substantial subset of child welfare clients for whom they are not relevant.

A comparison of triprolidine and cyclizine on histamine (H1) antagonism, subjective effects and performance tests in man.

1 The effects of triprolidine and cyclizine on the histamine skin response, performance tests and subjective effects were examined in a controlled, double-blind study in eight healthy volunteers. 2 Triprolidine was considerably more potent that cyclizine in inhibiting the skin response to histamine. Significant inhibition of flare size occurred at 1, 2 an 4 h after triprolidine 2.

Laparoscopic evaluation of the reproductive organs and abdominal cavity content of the lowland gorilla.

Laparoscopy was used to examine the abdominal cavity and evaluate reproductive competence in six adult female gorillas which had not demonstrated copulatory activity within 12 months of examination. Blood samples were obtained on the day of laparoscopy and analyzed for serum estradiol-17β and progesterone. The uterus and oviducts of each gorilla appeared morphologically normal and free of lesions.

Gentamicin tissue concentration in various avian species following recommended dosage therapy.

Plasma and tissue drug concentrations were compared in eastern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus virginianus) and pigeons (Columba livia) given gentamicin by IM administration at the dosage of 10 mg/kg, and in greater sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis tabida) and hybrid rosybill ducks (Netta sp) given the same antibiotic at a dosage of 5 mg/kg. Quail and cranes had significantly higher liver concentrations of gentamicin at 6 hours after injection than did pigeons and ducks. Cranes had significantly higher plasma concentrations than did ducks at 6 hours after injection.

Cranial computed tomography in the evaluation of neurologic disorders in two nonhuman primates.

Cranial computed tomography (CCT) was used to evaluate neurologic disorders in 2 primates. In the 1st case, acute left hemiparesis developed in an adult female proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus). A CCT scan revealed a right frontal lobe abscess that was subsequently surgically drained.