A Rare Presentation of Homozygous Pathogenic Variant in Gene with Salt-Wasting Crisis in a Neonate.

Introduction: Familial glucocorticoid deficiency (FGD) is a rare autosomal recessive disease resulting from isolated glucocorticoid deficiency or unresponsiveness to adrenocorticotropic hormone. Patients with FGD usually present in infancy or early childhood with hyperpigmentation, recurrent infections, and hypoglycemia. The salt-wasting crisis is rare.

Antenatal corticosteroid administration is associated with lower risk of severe ROP in preterm twin infants.

Introduction: Robust evidence revealed the impact of antenatal corticosteroid (ACS) administration on lower mortality and short-term neonatal outcomes in singleton preterm infants. We aimed to investigate the impact of ACS therapy on morbidity and mortality in preterm twin infants.

Methods: We conducted this retrospective single-center study from to the records of twin babies of 24-30 weeks of gestation admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit.

Antenatal Neuroprotective Magnesium Sulfate in Very Preterm Infants and Its Association With Feeding Intolerance.

Introduction/objective: Magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4 ) treatment is widely used for fetal neuroprotection despite the controversy concerning the side effects. There is limited data regarding the impact of various cumulative maternal doses and neonatal serum magnesium (Mg) levels on short-term neonatal morbidity and mortality. We opted to carry out a study to determine the impact of neonatal serum Mg levels on neonatal outcomes.

Do preterm infants with Bronchopulmonary dysplasia have a unique postnatal weight gain pattern?

Objectives: To investigate the weight gain pattern of preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) during the hospital stay using weekly weight assessment methods.

Methods: This single-center, retrospective, cohort study was carried out in Zekai Tahir Burak Maternal Health Education and Research Hospital between 2014 and 2018. One hundred fifty-one preterm infants <32 weeks of gestation and <1500 g of birth weight with BPD were compared to 251 babies without BPD in terms of weekly weight gain, standard deviation score (SDS), and fall in weight SDS till discharge.

Early vs late initiation of sodium glycerophosphate: Impact on hypophosphatemia in preterm infants <32 weeks.

Background & Aims: Early electrolyte and mineral imbalances have emerged as a conspicuous problem in very preterm babies since the revision of nutrition guidelines and the eventual implementation of early aggressive parenteral nutrition (PN). We opted to carry out a study with the introduction of phosphorus as sodium glycerophosphate in PN from the first day onward to reveal the impact on serum phosphorus and calcium levels following the surge in the incidence of hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia.

Methods: In this single-center, prospective, observational cohort study, inborn babies <32 gestational weeks and <1500 g between August 2017 and July 2018 were enrolled consecutively.

Glucocorticoids in a Neonatal Hyperoxic Lung Injury Model: Pulmonary and Neurotoxic effects.

Background: We aimed to compare the effect of dexamethasone (Dex), hydrocortisone (Hc), and methylprednisolone (Mpz) at equivalent doses on somatic growth, lung healing, and neurotoxicity in a hyperoxic rat model. We hypothesized that Mpz and Hc would be superior to Dex with less neurotoxicity by exerting similar therapeutic efficacy on the injured lung.

Methods: Neonatal rats were randomized to control, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), Dex, Hc, and Mpz groups.

Comparison of Nasal CPAP versus Bi-level CPAP in Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn: A Randomized Trial.

Objective: The optimal noninvasive ventilation (NIV) modality in the treatment of transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is still unknown. The aim of this study was to compare nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) versus bi-level CPAP in the treatment of TTN.

Study Design: This was a prospective randomized study that was conducted in a tertiary level neonatal intensive care unit of Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Education and Research Hospital during the 1-year period between April 2017 and March 2018.

The Effect of Antenatal Neuroprotective Magnesium Sulfate Treatment on Cerebral Oxygenation in Preterm Infants.

Objective: Antenatal magnesium sulfate (MgSO) treatment is associated with reduced risk of cerebral palsy in preterm infants. We aimed to investigate whether this treatment leads to any alterations on cerebral hemodynamics which could be detected by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) readings in early postnatal life.

Study Design: Infants with gestational ages (GAs) ≤ 32 weeks were divided into two groups regarding their exposure to antenatal neuroprotective MgSO treatment or not.

Presepsin and fetuin-A dyad for the diagnosis of proven sepsis in preterm neonates.

Background: Diagnosis is the most strenuous step in the evaluation of neonatal sepsis. No gold standard diagnostic method is available except for blood culture. We aimed to investigate the role of positive and negative acute phase reactants, namely presepsin and fetuin-A, in the diagnosis of culture-proven late-onset sepsis.

Do Calcium and Potassium Levels Influence Ductal Patency in Preterm Infants?

Objective: We investigated the relationship of serum potassium (K) and ionized calcium (iCa) levels with the persistence of ductus arteriosus.

Study Design: This retrospective cohort study included infants with birth weight < 1,500 g and gestational age < 32 weeks. Serum K and iCa levels at the 1st and 48th hour of life were measured from samples.

Is Endocan a Novel Diagnostic Marker for the Severity of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Very Low Birth Weight Infants?

Introduction: Endocan levels were found to be associated with severity and mortality of the respiratory system diseases.

Objective: We aimed to figure out whether endocan was an important marker for the diagnosis, severity and follow-up of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

Materials And Methods: Infants with moderate/severe BPD, and who required hydrocortisone treatment were included in the study group.

Can lactate levels be used as a marker of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm babies?

Objective: Serum lactate levels provide information on metabolic capacity at the cellular level. In addition, lactate reflects tissue perfusion and oxygenation status. The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of high lactate levels as a marker in hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA), which may lead to tissue perfusion defects.

Sustained lung inflation at birth via short binasal prong in very low birth weight preterm infants: A retrospective study.

Background And Objectives: It is believed, that sustained lung inflation (SLI) at birth in preterm infants reduces the need for mechanical ventilation (MV) and improves respiratory outcomes. The aim of this study was to compare need for MV in preterm infants at high risk for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) after prophylactic SLI via short binasal prongs at birth combined with early nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) versus nCPAP alone.

Methods: Medical records of infants born at 26 to 29 weeks gestation through 2015 and 2017 were retrospectively assessed.

A promising, novel index in the diagnosis and follow-up of patent ductus arteriosus: Red cell distribution width-to-platelet ratio.

Background: The role of red cell distribution width-to-platelet ratio (RPR) has not previously been mentioned in reports on patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Our objective was to evaluate whether RPR would have a role in the diagnosis and/or prediction of pharmacological closure of PDA.

Methods: Preterm infants' gestational age ≤30 weeks and ≤1500 g who were given first ibuprofen treatment in the first week of life for hemodynamically significant PDA (hsPDA) were included in the study.

Does prenatal diagnosis of critical congenital heart diseases influence the prereferral mortality in a center without surgical intervention?

Prenatal diagnosis ameliorates some preoperative and postoperative outcomes in critical congenital heart disease (CHD). Despite large variability among anatomical defect types, nearly half of them are diagnosed antenatally. We aimed to investigate the effect of the antenatal diagnosis on prereferral mortality of infants with critical CHD in a center without cardiovascular surgery clinic.

An Important Finding of Systemic Aspergillosis: Skin Involvement and Amphotericin B Resistance in an Adolescent.

Invasive aspergillosis is a life-threatening infectious complication in immunocompromised patients, especially with malignancy, and in some cases, it causes extensive tissue destruction and subsequent systemic illness, leading to multiorgan failure and death. Skin involvement and amphotericin B resistance are very rare findings of aspergillosis. Herein, we report the case of a primary hemophagocytic syndrome patient who developed subcutaneous nodules in the 3(rd) month of bone marrow transplantation from which Aspergillus fumigatus was cultivated despite the fact that she was under antifungal therapy.

Persistent eyelid swelling in a child: lest myiasis be forgot.

Myiasis involving the eyelid is uncommon. Herein, we present an 8-year-old boy who was diagnosed with preseptal cellulitis, yet a single larva was eventually extracted from his eyelid.