Effects of cyanocobalamin and its combination with morphine on neuropathic rats and the relationship between these effects and thrombospondin-4 expression.

Background: Thrombospondin-4 (TSP4) upregulates in the spinal cord following peripheral nerve injury and contributes to the development of neuropathic pain (NP). We investigated the effects of cyanocobalamin alone or in combination with morphine on pain and the relationship between these effects and spinal TSP4 expression in neuropathic rats.

Methods: NP was induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve.