Characterization of memory profile in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder.

Objective: The present study aims to examine whether declarative memory dysfunction relates to impaired core memory mechanisms or attentional and executive dysfunction in idiopathic REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (iRBD).

Method: In this observational, cross-sectional study, were enrolled 82 individuals with the diagnosis of iRBD according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders and 49-matched healthy controls fulfilling inclusion criteria. All participants underwent two memory tasks, namely the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and Memory Binding Test (MBT), which include conditions of varying degrees of dependence on executive functioning, as well as different indicators of core memory processes (e.

Now is the Time to Improve Cognitive Screening and Assessment for Clinical and Research Advancement.

Wang et al. analyze Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment accuracy as screening tests for detecting dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Such tests are at the center of controversy regarding recognition and treatment of AD.

Memory impairment in Parkinson's disease: The retrieval versus associative deficit hypothesis revisited and reconciled.

Objective: Our study explored the retrieval deficit and the associative deficit hypotheses of memory impairments in Parkinson's disease (PD). The former supports a memory deficit mediated by attention/executive dysfunctions, whereas the latter hypothesizes a hippocampal memory impairment in PD.

Method: We studied 31 controls and 34 PD patients classified as PD with normal cognition (PD-NC; n = 18) and PD with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI; n= 16).

Genetic Risk of Alzheimer's Disease: Three Wishes Now That the Genie is Out of the Bottle.

The availability and increasing popularity of direct-to-consumer genetic testing for the presence of an APOE4 allelle led the Alzheimer's Foundation of America Medical, Scientific and Memory Screening Advisory Board to identify three critical areas for attention: 1) ensure consumer understanding of test results; 2) address and limit potential negative consequences of acquiring this information; and 3) support linking results with positive health behaviors, including potential clinical trial participation. Improving access to appropriate sources of genetic counseling as part of the testing process is critical and requires action from clinicians and the genetic testing industry. Standardizing information and resources across the industry should start now, with the input of consumers and experts in genetic risk and health information disclosure.

Memory Binding Test Predicts Incident Dementia: Results from the Einstein Aging Study.

Background: The Memory Binding Test (MBT) demonstrated good cross-sectional discriminative validity and predicted incident aMCI.

Objective: To assess whether the MBT predicts incident dementia better than a conventional list learning test in a longitudinal community-based study.

Methods: As a sub-study in the Einstein Aging Study, 309 participants age≥70 initially free of dementia were administered the MBT and followed annually for incident dementia for up to 13 years.

Novel Cognitive Paradigms for the Detection of Memory Impairment in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease.

In spite of advances in neuroimaging and other brain biomarkers to assess preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD), cognitive assessment has relied on traditional memory paradigms developed well over six decades ago. This has led to a growing concern about their effectiveness in the early diagnosis of AD which is essential to develop preventive and early targeted interventions before the occurrence of multisystem brain degeneration. We describe the development of novel tests that are more cognitively challenging, minimize variability in learning strategies, enhance initial acquisition and retrieval using cues, and exploit vulnerabilities in persons with incipient AD such as the susceptibility to proactive semantic interference, and failure to recover from proactive semantic interference.

Memory Binding Test Distinguishes Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia from Cognitively Normal Elderly.

Objective: We aimed to assess reliability and cross-sectional discriminative validity of the Memory Binding Test (MBT) to distinguish persons with amnestic cognitive impairment (aMCI) and dementia from cognitively normal elderly controls.

Method: The MBT was administered to 20 participants with dementia, 31 with aMCI and 246 controls, who received the first administration of the MBT from May 2003 to December 2007, as a substudy of the community-based Einstein Aging Study (age range: 70+). The optimal index resulted from comparing the partial area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC AUC) of four major MBT indices for specificities ≥0.

Memory Binding Test Predicts Incident Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Background: The Memory Binding Test (MBT), previously known as Memory Capacity Test, has demonstrated discriminative validity for distinguishing persons with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and dementia from cognitively normal elderly.

Objective: We aimed to assess the predictive validity of the MBT for incident aMCI.

Methods: In a longitudinal, community-based study of adults aged 70+, we administered the MBT to 246 cognitively normal elderly adults at baseline and followed them annually.

Validation of the Argentine version of the Memory Binding Test (MBT) for Early Detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Background: "Forgetfulness" is frequent in normal aging and characteristic of the early stages of dementia syndromes. The episodic memory test is central for detecting amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The Memory Binding Test (MBT) is a simple, easy and brief memory test to detect the early stage of episodic memory impairment.

The Memory Binding Test: Development of Two Alternate Forms into Spanish and Catalan.

Background: The Memory Binding Test (MBT) is emerging as a promising tool for the detection of subtle memory impairment suggestive of Alzheimer's disease (AD). For such a test to be widely accessed and used, the availability of both alternate forms and language adaptations is required.

Objectives: To develop a thorough methodology for obtaining alternate forms (A and B) of the MBT in Spanish and Catalan and to assess their equivalence.

Psychometric Properties of the Memory Binding Test: Test-Retest Reliability and Convergent Validity.

Background: Episodic memory testing is fundamental for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) is widely used for this purpose, it may not be sensitive enough for early detection of subtle decline in preclinical AD. The Memory Binding Test (MBT) intends to overcome this limitation.

Reference Data of the Spanish Memory Binding Test in a Midlife Population from the ALFA STUDY (Alzheimer's and Family).

Background: The Memory Binding Test (MBT) is a novel test based on the learning of two lists of words, developed to detect early memory impairment suggestive of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Objective: To present and provide reference data of the Spanish MBT in a midlife population of mainly first-degree descendants of AD patients.

Methods: 472 cognitively unimpaired subjects, aged 45 to 65 and participants of the ALFA STUDY, were included.

Findings from the National Memory Screening Day program.

Objectives: To report experience with a large, nation-wide public memory screening program.

Design: Descriptive study of community-dwelling elderly adults.

Setting: Local community sites (48 sites agreed to provide data) throughout the United States participating in National Memory Screening Day in November 2010.

Picture-based memory impairment screen for dementia.

Objectives: To develop and validate a picture-based memory impairment screen (PMIS) for the detection of dementia.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Setting: Outpatient clinics, Baby Memorial Hospital, Kozhikode city in the southern Indian state of Kerala.

Predicting Alzheimer's disease: neuropsychological tests, self-reports, and informant reports of cognitive difficulties.

Objectives: To investigate the independent and combined contributions to the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) of three important domains of cognitive assessment: neuropsychological measurement, self-reports, and informant reports.

Design: Longitudinal, community-based sample.

Setting: Einstein Aging Study.

Level of recall, retrieval speed, and variability on the Cued-Recall Retrieval Speed Task (CRRST) in individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

Individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) show deficits on traditional episodic memory tasks and reductions in speed of performance on reaction time tasks. We present results on a novel task, the Cued-Recall Retrieval Speed Task (CRRST), designed to simultaneously measure level and speed of retrieval. A total of 390 older adults (mean age, 80.

Association of crossword puzzle participation with memory decline in persons who develop dementia.

Participation in cognitively stimulating leisure activities such as crossword puzzles may delay onset of the memory decline in the preclinical stages of dementia, possibly via its effect on improving cognitive reserve. We followed 488 initially cognitively intact community residing individuals with clinical and cognitive assessments every 12-18 months in the Bronx Aging Study. We assessed the influence of crossword puzzle participation on the onset of accelerated memory decline as measured by the Buschke Selective Reminding Test in 101 individuals who developed incident dementia using a change point model.

Sensitivity and test-retest reliability of the international shopping list test in assessing verbal learning and memory in mild Alzheimer's disease.

The International Shopping List Test (ISLT) was developed specifically to assess verbal list learning and memory in people from different language and cultural backgrounds. In this paper, we describe three studies that examined the sensitivity and reliability of the ISLT in assessing verbal list learning and memory impairment in English-speaking people with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) and evaluated whether measures of retention-weighted recall (RWR) provided greater sensitivity and/or reliability relative to conventional list learning performance measures (e.g.

Medial temporal lobe correlates of memory screening measures in normal aging, MCI, and AD.

Unlabelled: This article aimed to study the correlations for both the Memory Impairment Screen (MIS) and the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) with regard to the volumetric measures of hippocampal formation and entorhinal cortex and to explore the effect size of these measures.

Methods: A total of 34 healthy controls, 24 participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 20 mild-to-moderate-staged Alzheimer disease (AD) participants underwent neuropsychological testing and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Global volumetric measures were obtained and hippocampal and entorhinal volumes were calculated.

Mild cognitive impairment: believe it or not?

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was previously defined as a transitional state that can precede dementia, but the condition and the rates of conversion remain controversial. MCI is now the focus of natural history studies, along with Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevention. The objective of our review will be to consider the question of whether MCI is a well enough established entity that it can be a diagnosis in medical practice and a valid target of Alzheimer's prevention therapy.

Robust norms for selected neuropsychological tests in older adults.

The current study provided longitudinal robust norms for individuals age 70 years and older for several neuropsychological tests. We compared baseline neuropsychological test performance in three groups free of dementia at baseline: a robust normative sample free of dementia for at least two post-follow-up assessments, an incident dementia sample which developed new onset dementia during the follow-up and a lost to follow-up (LTF) sample. ANCOVAs showed that the robust sample performed better on all neuropsychological tests compared to the incident dementia and LTF samples.

Hippocampal neurochemistry, neuromorphometry, and verbal memory in nondemented older adults.

Background: Characterization of the behavioral correlates of neuromorphometry and neurochemistry in older adults has important implications for an improved understanding of the aging process. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that a measure of hippocampal neuronal metabolism was associated with verbal memory in nondemented older adults after controlling for hippocampal volume.

Methods: 4-T MRI, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS), and neuropsychological assessment were conducted in 48 older adults (23 women; mean age 81 years).

Should older adults be screened for dementia? It is important to screen for evidence of dementia!

Multiple arguments for considering routine dementia screening have been presented. Furthermore, dementia diagnoses are widely unrecognized. As a result, persons with dementia are missing important clinical care and treatment interventions.