Effective Storage of Electrons in Water by the Formation of Highly Reduced Polyoxometalate Clusters.

Aqueous solutions of polyoxometalates (POMs) have been shown to have potential as high-capacity energy storage materials due to their potential for multi-electron redox processes, yet the mechanism of reduction and practical limits are currently unknown. Herein, we explore the mechanism of multi-electron redox processes that allow the highly reduced POM clusters of the form {MO} to absorb electrons in aqueous solution, focusing mechanistically on the Wells-Dawson structure X[PWO], which comprises 18 metal centers and can uptake up to 18 electrons reversibly ( = 18) per cluster in aqueous solution when the countercations are . This unconventional redox activity is rationalized by density functional theory, molecular dynamics simulations, UV-vis, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and small-angle X-ray scattering spectra.

A simulation-based pilot study of crisis checklists in the emergency department.

Checklists can improve adherence to standardized procedures and minimize human error. We aimed to test if implementation of a checklist was feasible and effective in enhancing patient care in an emergency department handling internal medicine cases. We developed four critical event checklists and confronted volunteer teams with a series of four simulated emergency scenarios.

Elucidating the paramagnetic interactions of an inorganic-organic hybrid radical-functionalized Mn-Anderson cluster.

A family of six polyoxometalate-based magnetic compounds were synthesized by anchoring N-oxide type TEMPO radicals onto an Anderson type polyoxometalate cluster. The complexes were structurally characterised by single crystal X-ray diffraction and the intramolecular paramagnetic interactions between TEMPO radicals and Mn ions of the resulting hybrids were investigated in detail by electron paramagnetic resonance and the Evans NMR method.

[Freiburg Cardiac Arrest Receiving Team (CART) : Interdisciplinary solution for the acute management of non-traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest].

Standard procedures and guidelines provide specific instructions for basic and advanced cardiac life support. Recommendations for the admission of patients from preclinical into clinical structures after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are available, but only a few are detailed. In the presence of ST-elevation myocardial infarction after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), coronary angiography must be performed as soon as possible.

Effect of Trans-Nasal Evaporative Intra-arrest Cooling on Functional Neurologic Outcome in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: The PRINCESS Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Therapeutic hypothermia may increase survival with good neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest. Trans-nasal evaporative cooling is a method used to induce cooling, primarily of the brain, during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ie, intra-arrest).

Objective: To determine whether prehospital trans-nasal evaporative intra-arrest cooling improves survival with good neurologic outcome compared with cooling initiated after hospital arrival.

Demographic Correlates of Infant Feeding Practices and Growth Performance in the First Year of Life.

The aims of this study are (1) to assess changes in infant WHO growth indicators (weight-for-age, weight-for-length, and head circumference z-scores) from birth to 12 months of age as a function of feeding practices (FP) and (2) to describe the proportion of infants experiencing rapid weight gain (RWG; defined as change in weight-for-age z-score of ≥0.67 between birth and six months) among different FP. The modified Infant Feeding Practices Study II questionnaire was administered to 149 diverse caretakers/mothers of infants who were less than six months of age in a pediatric outpatient clinic.

Validation of the Brief Confusion Assessment Method for Screening Delirium in Elderly Medical Patients in a German Emergency Department.

Background: Delirium is frequent in elderly patients presenting in the emergency department (ED). Despite the severe prognosis, the majority of delirium cases remain undetected by emergency physicians (EPs). At the time of our study there was no valid delirium screening tool available for EDs in German-speaking regions.

[Point-of-Care Sonography in Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine].

The use of Point-of-care ultrasonography (POC Ultrasonography) is getting more and more important in the bedside care of patients, especially in emergency- and intensive care units. In addition to the focused sonography of the heart, lungs and abdomen, the POC Ultrasonography recently includes also cases in prehospital care. Increasingly special applications in intensive care, e.

[Preclinical use of mild therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest by the emergency services in Baden-Württemberg, Germany].

Background: During the last decade target temperature management has become an integral part of postresuscitation care. Within recent years there was a strong debate about the optimal target temperature, which might have effects on the preclinical induction of hypothermia. The present investigation focuses on the use of mild therapeutic hypothermia by emergency services in the state of Baden-Württemberg (Germany) and compares it to results of a prior study in 2008.

Encapsulation of a {Cu} cluster containing four [CuO] cubanes within an isopolyoxometalate {W} cluster.

We report a {Cu} embedded within a {W} cluster containing four cubane-like [CuO] units within an isopolyoxotungstate (isoPOT) in a {NaCu[(HWO) (CHCOO)(OH)]}·88HO (1) and a polyanion Cu-linked {W} chain NaCu[(HWO)(CHCOO)(OH)]·26HO (2). Electronically, the redox properties show that both compounds 1 and 2 undergo irreversible reductions resulting in the demetalation of the compounds, whilst the magnetic behavior of 1 and 2 shows a weak antiferromagnetic and a stronger ferromagnetic coupling, respectively.

[Recommendations for education in ultrasound in medical intensive care and emergency medicine: position paper of DGIIN, DEGUM and DGK].

Point-of-care ultrasound in acute care medicine is a prerequisite for diagnosis and therapy monitoring of critically ill patients. There is currently no uniform education strategy for medical intensive care and emergency medicine. As part of the basic level, the trainee takes theoretical and clinical training covering abdominal and thoracic ultrasonography and focused cardiovascular ultrasound.

Following the Reaction of Heteroanions inside a {W18O56} Polyoxometalate Nanocage by NMR Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry.

By incorporating phosphorus(III)-based anions into a polyoxometalate cage, a new type of tungsten-based unconventional Dawson-like cluster, [W18O56(HP(III)O3)2(H2O)2](8-), was isolated, in which the reaction of the two phosphite anions [HPO3](2-) within the {W18O56} cage could be followed spectroscopically. As well as full X-ray crystallographic analysis, we studied the reactivity of the cluster using both solution-state NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. These techniques show that the cluster undergoes a structural rearrangement in solution whereby the {HPO3} moieties dimerize to form a weakly interacting (O3PH⋅⋅⋅HPO3) moiety.

Design and fabrication of memory devices based on nanoscale polyoxometalate clusters.

Flash memory devices--that is, non-volatile computer storage media that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed--are vital for portable electronics, but the scaling down of metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) flash memory to sizes of below ten nanometres per data cell presents challenges. Molecules have been proposed to replace MOS flash memory, but they suffer from low electrical conductivity, high resistance, low device yield, and finite thermal stability, limiting their integration into current MOS technologies. Although great advances have been made in the pursuit of molecule-based flash memory, there are a number of significant barriers to the realization of devices using conventional MOS technologies.

Towards polyoxometalate-cluster-based nano-electronics.

We explore the concept that the incorporation of polyoxometalates (POMs) into complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technologies could offer a fundamentally better way to design and engineer new types of data storage devices, due to the enhanced electronic complementarity with SiO2, high redox potentials, and multiple redox states accessible to polyoxometalate clusters. To explore this we constructed a custom-built simulation domain bridge. Connecting DFT, for the quantum mechanical modelling part, and mesoscopic device modelling, confirms the theoretical basis for the proposed advantages of POMs in non-volatile molecular memories (NVMM) or flash-RAM.

A redox-triggered structural rearrangement in an iodate-templated polyoxotungstate cluster cage.

The new tungstatoiodate, α-[H5W18O59(IO3)](6-), containing I(V)O3(-) within a {W18O54} metal oxide framework has been prepared and shown by X-ray crystallography and mass spectrometry to be derived from the fully oxidised [H3W18O56(IO6)](6-) by two-electron reduction accompanied by a redox-triggered structural rearrangement where three I-O covalent bonds are broken.

Naphthoxanthenyl, a new stable phenalenyl type radical stabilized by electronic effects.

Naphthoxanthenyl 1 is a new stable phenalenyl-type radical. Electrochemical studies indicate that 1 has two reversible redox processes that occur on comparatively short time scales. Crystals containing 1 can be grown by electrocrystallization, suggesting that they are conductive.

Synthesis and characterisation of a lanthanide-capped dodecavanadate cage.

The synthesis of a series of discrete lanthanide-capped polyoxovanadate cages is presented along with magnetic and electrochemical measurements which reveal a redox active dodecavanadate cluster with potential as a new functional building unit in polyoxovanadate chemistry.

Nanoscale control of polyoxometalate assembly: a {Mn8W4} cluster within a {W36Si4Mn10} cluster showing a new type of isomerism.

Two near isomeric clusters containing a novel {Mn(8)W(4)} Keggin cluster within a [W(36)Mn(10)Si(4)O(136)(OH)(4)(H(2)O)8](24-) cluster are reported: K(10)Li(14)[W(36)Si(4)O(136)Mn(II)(10)(OH)(4)(H(2)O)(8)] (1) and K(10)Li1(3.5)Mn(0.25)[W(36)Si(4)O(136)Mn(II)(10)(OH)(4)(H(2)O)(8) ] (1').

Imaging the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction in real time using an ion sensitive array.

We show how an array of ion-sensitive-field-effect-transistors can be used to both spatially and temporally image the oscillating pH/ion waves produced by the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction with high resolution.

Real-time ion-flux imaging in the growth of micrometer-scale structures and membranes.

Real-time ion flux imaging: an ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) array is coupled with optical microscopy to image the growth of, and ion flux through, micrometer-scale tubes and membranes built from polyoxometalate clusters. The correlation between the optical and ionic imaging data is excellent, showcasing the use of ISFET arrays for high-resolution spatial and temporal mapping of ionic movements.

Trinuclear {M1}CN{M2}2 complexes (M1 = Cr(III), Fe(III), Co(III); M2 = Cu(II), Ni(II), Mn(II)). Are single molecule magnets predictable?

The reaction of the hexacyanometalates K3[M(1)(CN)6] (M(1) = Cr(III), Fe(III), Co(III)) with the bispidine complexes [M(2)(L(1))(X)](n+) and [M(2)(L(2))(X)](n+) (M(2) = Mn(II), Ni(II), Cu(II); L(1) = 3-methyl-9-oxo-2,4-di-(2-pyridyl)-7-(2-pyridylmethyl)-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-1,5-dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester; L(2) = 3-methyl-9-oxo-7-(2-pyridylmethyl)-2,4-di-(2-quinolyl)-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.