Responding to graduate students' professional deficiencies: a national survey.

Seventy-one doctoral programs in professional psychology were surveyed with respect to the incidence of students' professional deficiencies and related procedures. Professional deficiencies, particularly limited clinical skills and personality/emotional problems, were reported by 89% of the respondents, twice the number that have official policies for dealing with such problems. Incidence of limited clinical skills was related positively to interviewing applicants and use of practicum grades for evaluation and related negatively to using recommendation letters and reliance on clinical supervisor's assessment.

Sex-role orientation and self-esteem in alcoholic and nonalcoholic women.

Theory and research on alcoholism suggest that psychological masculinity and femininity and self-esteem are related to drinking problems in women. In a sample of 60 alcoholic and 60 nonalcoholic women, hypotheses derived from contemporary sex-role theory were contrasted with predictions from a copying styles perspective. Support was found only for the sex-role theory hypotheses.

The influence of a child's disability on mother's role functioning and psychological well-being.

We assessed the influences of specific characteristics of a child with a disability on a mother's role functioning and psychological well-being in 112 mother-child dyads. Children were teenagers and young adults (aged 13-26) with chronically disabling conditions enrolled in day treatment programs; mothers ranged in age from 33 to 68 years. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the mothers regarding their psychological and social functioning.

Field independence as a function of sex, sex-roles, and the sex-role appropriateness of the task.

Two experiments were conducted to explain the sex difference in field independence by reference to socialization factors. It was hypothesized that the sex-role appropriateness of the task as masculine or feminine-typed would influence the performance of masculine and feminine women in a manner congruent with their sex-role orientation. 28 pilot subjects and 100 subjects in Study 2 were equally divided between the sexes.

Biopsychosocial discriminators of alcoholic and nonalcoholic women.

Sixty alcoholic and 60 nonalcoholic women were compared on six variables chosen to represent the biological, psychological, and sociocultural approaches to alcoholism research. Significant differences were found between the two groups on all variables. Compared to the nonalcoholic women, the alcoholic women had more alcoholic relatives, had been treated for more health problems, were more depressed, had lower levels of self-esteem, were more deeply invested in meeting stereotypical feminine sex-role expectations, and perceived themselves as less successful in meeting the expectations of significant others.