Rilpivirine Activates STAT1 in Non-Parenchymal Cells to Regulate Liver Injury in People Living with HIV and MASLD.

Liver fibrosis is a key determinant of the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Its increasing prevalence and a lack of effective treatments make it a major health problem worldwide, particularly in people living with HIV, among whom the prevalence of advanced fibrosis is higher. We have published preclinical data showing that Rilpivirine (RPV), a widely used anti-HIV drug, selectively triggers hepatic stellate cell (HSC) inactivation and apoptosis through signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1-mediated pathways, effects that clearly attenuate liver fibrosis and promote regeneration.

Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Factors in the Era of Antiretroviral Drugs With a Low Metabolic Toxicity Profile.

Objective: The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has risen dramatically. Among people living with HIV (PLHIV), chronic disease (now >15 cases/1000 in the general population worldwide) and long-term exposure to antiretroviral therapy (ART) can alter metabolic processes early, favoring insulin resistance and T2DM. We retrospectively studied the incidence of T2DM and associated factors in the Cohort of the Spanish AIDS Research Network, a prospective cohort of PLHIV enrolled at diagnosis and before initiation of ART.

Clinical outcomes and prognostic factors after HCV clearance with DAA in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients with advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis.

Background And Aims: We assessed long-term clinical outcomes and prognostic factors for liver disease progression after sustained viral response with direct-acting antivirals in patients coinfected with HIV/HCV with advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis.

Approach And Results: A total of 1300 patients who achieved sustained viral response with direct-acting antivirals from 2014 to 2017 in Spain were included: 1145 with compensated advanced chronic liver disease (384 advanced fibrosis and 761 compensated cirrhosis) and 155 with decompensated cirrhosis. The median follow-up was 40.

Three-year efficacy of switching to dolutegravir plus lamivudine: A real-world study.

Background: Dolutegravir (DTG) plus lamivudine (3TC) has proven highly efficacious as a switching strategy in virologically suppressed people with HIV (PWH). As this strategy was introduced relatively recently, real-world, long-term durability studies are lacking.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of treatment-experienced patients who started DTG + 3TC in a cohort of PWH.

Change in metabolic parameters after switching from triple regimens with tenofovir alafenamide to dolutegravir-based dual therapy. Bi-lipid study.

Introduction: The use of tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) has been associated with increased cholesterol and body weight. Real-life data on the metabolic effects of switching from a TAF-based triple regimen to a dolutegravir (DTG)-based two-drug regimen (2-DR) are scarce.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients who have switched from a triple TAF-based regimen to a 2-DR [DTG-lamivudine (DTG-3TC) or DTG- rilpivirine (DTG-RPV]) with at least 6 months of follow-up.

Genetic variants associated with steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis in HIV-infected patients with NAFLD.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common cause of liver damage in people living with HIV (PLWHIV). Several studies have investigated candidate genes for susceptibility to NAFLD and to steatohepatitis. , , and have been reported to be associated with elevated ALT levels and the histologic parameters of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and severity of fibrosis.

Assessment of Noninvasive Markers of Steatosis and Liver Fibrosis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Monoinfected Patients on Stable Antiretroviral Regimens.

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major nonacquired immune deficiency syndrome-defining condition for persons with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH). We aimed to validate noninvasive tests for the diagnosis of NAFLD in PWH.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of PWH on stable antiretroviral therapy with persistently elevated transaminases and no known liver disease.

Impact of preexisting nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance on the effectiveness of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in treatment experience patients.

Introduction: Few clinical trials and cohort studies have evaluated the efficacy of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) in people with HIV (PWH) with preexisting M184V/I or other nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) resistance-associated mutations (RAMs). Real-world data are also scarce.

Methods: Retrospective review of treatment-experienced patients who started B/F/TAF in a cohort of PWH.

Different profiles among older adults with HIV according to their chronological age and the year of HIV diagnosis: The FUNCFRAIL cohort study (GeSIDA 9817).

Background: People in their fifties with HIV are considered older adults, but they appear not to be a homogeneous group.

Objective: To evaluate the differences among older adults with HIV according to their chronological age and the year of HIV diagnosis.

Methods: Cross-sectional study of the FUNCFRAIL cohort.

Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease using noninvasive techniques among children, adolescents, and youths living with HIV.

Objective: The prevalence of subclinical liver abnormalities is high among people with HIV, but data regarding perinatally HIV-infected children and adolescents (PHIV) are scarce. Noninvasive image techniques offer an opportunity to address nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a population in which the scores validated for adults have not been tested.

Design: Prospective cross-sectional study including PHIV and uninfected controls.

Late presentation for HIV remains a major health issue in Spain: Results from a multicenter cohort study, 2004-2018.

Objectives: With the purpose of reducing the well-known negative impact of late presentation (LP) on people living with HIV (PLWH), guidelines on early HIV diagnosis were published in 2014 in Spain, but since then no data on LP prevalence have been published. To estimate prevalence and risk factors of LP and to evaluate their impact on the development of clinical outcomes in the Cohort of the Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS) during 2004-2018.

Methods: CoRIS is an open prospective multicenter cohort of PLWH, adults, naive to ART at entry.

Acute hepatitis B among HIV positive persons: A two-decade review of cases from a Spanish cohort.

Purpose: To review the incidence and characteristics of acute hepatitis B (AHB) in a large cohort of HIV infected persons from a low prevalence region during the last two decades.

Methods: Retrospective review of an HIV Cohort from a single reference centre in Madrid, Spain, between 2000 and 2018. AHB was diagnosed in persons with newly acquired HBAgS and acute hepatitis with positive IgM anti-HBc.

The influence of land use change on landslide susceptibility zonation: the Briga catchment test site (Messina, Italy).

The spatial distribution of landslides is influenced by different climatic conditions and environmental settings including topography, morphology, hydrology, lithology, and land use. In this work, we have attempted to evaluate the influence of land use change on landslide susceptibility (LS) for a small study area located in the southern part of the Briga catchment, along the Ionian coast of Sicily (Italy). On October 1, 2009, the area was hit by an intense rainfall event that triggered abundant slope failures and resulted in widespread erosion.

Completing the picture: adolescents talk about what's missing in sexual health services.

This qualitative study was conducted to learn adolescents' opinions about sexual health services and strategies to improve their delivery. Sixteen 1.5-hour, same-sex focus groups were conducted in one rural and one urban high school in each of two Ontario regions.