Time to initiate antiretroviral therapy between 4 weeks and 12 weeks of tuberculosis treatment in HIV-infected patients: results from the TIME study.

Background: Optimal timing for initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis (TB) is not well established.

Methods: HIV/TB-coinfected patients were randomized to initiate tenofovir/lamivudine/efavirenz at 4 weeks (4-week group) or 12 weeks (12-week group) of TB treatment. The primary outcome was 1-year all-cause mortality.

Renal impairment after switching from stavudine/lamivudine to tenofovir/lamivudine in NNRTI-based antiretroviral regimens.

Background: During stavudine phase-out plan in developing countries, tenofovir is used to substitute stavudine. However, knowledge regarding whether there is any difference of the frequency of renal injury between tenofovir/lamivudine/efavirenz and tenofovir/lamivudine/nevirapine is lacking.

Methods: This prospective study was conducted among HIV-infected patients who were switched NRTI from stavudine/lamivudine to tenofovir/lamivudine in efavirenz-based (EFV group) and nevirapine-based regimen (NVP group) after two years of an ongoing randomized trial.