Vemurafenib combined with cladribine and cytarabine results in durable remission of pediatric BRAF V600E-positive LCH.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a disorder with a variety of clinical signs. The most severe forms affect risk organs (RO). The established role of the BRAF V600E mutation in LCH led to a targeted approach.

[Changes of homeostasis and immunity in the acute period of ischemic stroke].

We studied homeostasis, immunity and rheological blood properties in the acute period of ischemic stroke. As intravascular blood coagulation and depression of fibrinolysis happen the amount of "rough" red blood cells increased as well as their aggregates enlarged in size. These changes haven't been seen in patients with lacunar stroke and transient ischemic attacks.

Immunoactive Properties of Cerebrolysin.

In children (aged 3-8 years old) with minimal cerebral dysfunction the immune status was studied before and after cerebrolysin administration in the dosage of 1 ml per 10 kg of child's weight, intramuscularly, within one month. The cerebrolysin administration resulted in an increase in the level of CD19(+) cells with a simultaneous normalization of serum IgG and IgA levels. The count of CD4(+) lymphocytes has risen.

[Morphopathology of cerebral arteries in combined cerebral and coronary atherosclerosis].

Taking into consideration the age-specific and adaptive changes of the vascular wall, pathomorphologic features of cerebral atherosclerosis were revealed in 236 individuals who died of ischemic heart disease and in 17 patients undergone extra-intracarotid microshunting on the basis of the data obtained from pathomorphologic analysis of the great arteries of the brain. There was a statistically significant prevalence of both the size of the area of atherosclerotic lesions and the incidence of stenosis of the great arteries of the brain in individuals with combined atherosclerosis of cerebral and coronary atherosclerosis. Type-specific peculiarities of atherosclerosis in the areas of reduced blood flow in stenosis of extra- and intracranial arteries were determined.

[Nervous-mental health of children who had perinatal damage of the nervous system].

The paper presents the results of somatic, neurologic and neurophysiologic examination of 614 children which had hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy of a moderate degree during the period from the birth till 3 years old. A period of gestation was characterised by some signs of fetoplacental insufficiency in 44.3% of children.

[Cerebral hemodynamics in fetuses and newborns developing with impaired uterine and fetoplacental blood circulation].

By means of dopplerometry there were examined the blood flows in uterine arteries, funic arteries, internal carotid arteries of fetuses of 34 women in III trimester of a pregnancy with a threat of a premature birth. Cerebral blood flow in newborns was estimated on the 1-st and the 5-th days of life in anterior and middle cerebral arteries. Control group included 20 women with the physiologic pregnancies and their 20 newborns.

[Variations of cerebral arterial and venous structure in circulation-impaired encephalopathy].

The paper presents a retrospective analysis of a state of cerebral and venous blood circulation in 108 patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy (DE). Two-sided serial angiography was performed in such patients either for more precise definition of the indications for the operation of extracranial shunting or because of difficulties in differential diagnosis between neoplaster and a vascular cerebral process. Peculiarities of arterial circulation were asymmetry of hemispheral blood-flow and hydrocephalic vascular run.

[On the etiology of epileptic seizures in children of the first year of life].

The paper presents the analysis of unfavourable ante- and intranatal factors as well as the data of neurosonography of 109 children with the fits during the first year of life and of 58 children with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy without convulsions. The high degree of the correlation was found between complications of the first half of pregnancy and the disturbances of growth and development of a child. Frequency of a trauma in the course of a delivery correlated with frequency of asphyxia.

[Dynamic course of neurological syndromes in very young children with the history of intrauterine growth retardation].

90 infants with intrauterine growth retardation (IGR) and 100 normal infants (control group) were followed up from 5 days till 3 years of life. In IGR infants there was a more frequent combination of several neurologic syndromes, an early manifestation of motor disorders (from the very moment of birth), a delay of neuro-psychic development (during the first year of life), a tendency to development of moderate hydrocephalus by the age of 6 months. Autonomic-visceral disorders in them were mostly characterized by the symptoms of abaissement, but not of irritation.

[Neuro-ontogenic factors in the pathogenesis of febrile seizures in children during the first year of life].

Sensomotor development, periods of febrile attacks (FA), spectral EEG characteristics in narrow range of frequency were examined in 12 healthy children and 34 children with FA. There was a correlation between FA debute, relapse and physiologic formation and change of sensomotor rhythm on months 4-5, 7-8, 11-12 of life. The correlation was also established between a decrease of sensomotor reactivity of child, neocortical activation with repeated FA as well as transformation of the attacks' structure.

[Infrared laser therapy in distal diabetic polyneuropathy].

A course of laser therapy was applied to 50 patients with diabetic polyneuropathy by laser irradiation of low intensiveness in the nearest infrared spectrum. 20 patients from the group were treated by monotherapy only by laser exposure. Control group consisted of 24 patients treated by conventional therapy without laser exposure.

[Effects of cerebrolysin on the oxidant homeostasis, the content of microelements and electrolytes in children with minimal brain dysfunction].

In 36 children of 3-8 years old with minimal cerebral dysfunction there were evaluated both concentrations of malonic dialdehyde in blood plasma, erythrocytes and platelets as well as the content of 25 elements (K, Mg, Ca, Na, P, Se, Zn, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Si, Li, Ni, V, Pb, Sn, Cd, Al, As, Be, Bi, Ti) in hairs. These indices were estimated both before and after course of cerebrolysin therapy (the a dose 2-5 ml intramuscularly during 1 month). There was observed positive influence of the drug on the clinical manifestations of the disease, oxidant and elements homeostasis.

[The classification and topical diagnosis of cerebral circulatory disorders in newborn infants].

The classification of disorders of cerebral circulation (DCC) was presented on the basis of clinical-neurosonic study of 100 newborn children with the signs of DCC. There were-determined the same degrees of DCC severity as in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (that is light, manifested, severe ones). There weren't observed any signs of focal damages of brain in light form of DCC, although there might sometimes be found the small ischemic damages of brain and injuries of hemorrhagic type in one third of patients.

[The clinical characteristics and diagnostic criteria of benign intracranial hypertension in children].

Combined investigation of syndrome of nonmalignant intracranial hypertension (NIH) was performed in 87 children at the age of 3-15 years. The following diagnostic criteria were determined: nonmalignancy of clinical course; residual, mainly nonprogredient character of cerebral pathology; subcompensated hydrocephalus or macrocephalus in more than 50% of patients with small enlargement of head circumference and of the size of cerebral ventricles (according to the data of computed tomography and echoventriculometry); triad of clinical manifestations in the form of headache, alterations of vision, oculomotor disorders; a positive effect of dehydrative therapy.

[The constrictive reactions of the cerebral vessels in the pathogenesis of circulatory encephalopathy].

Cerebral vasoconstrictive reactions were analysed in 100 healthy men and 165 patients with atherosclerotic discirculatory encephalopathy (DE) of stage I and II. The study was performed by means of functional loading tests such as antiorthostatic, hyperventilation, with psychoemotional tension. Individuals with hyperconstrictive reactions were revealed both among healthy persons and among the patients.

[A case of the successful use of regional thrombolytic therapy in acute ischemic stroke].

The paper reports a case of a positive response to fibrinolytic therapy with complete lysis of the thrombus in the left internal carotid artery (ICA) and significant reduction of the baseline neurological deficiency. The vessel later on underwent rethrombosis, but the patient's condition remained stable. Acute ICA occlusion, recovery of the major circulation and subsequent rethrombosis were confirmed angiographically.