PROMISES THEY CAN KEEP: LOW-INCOME WOMEN'S ATTITUDES TOWARD MOTHERHOOD, MARRIAGE, AND DIVORCE.

Using survey data on low-income mothers in Boston, Chicago, and San Antonio (n = 1,722) supplemented with ethnographic data, we test 3 propositions regarding mothers' attitudes toward childbearing, marriage, and divorce. These are drawn from Edin & Kefalas (2005) but have also arisen in other recent studies. We find strong support for the proposition that childbearing outside of marriage carries little stigma, limited support for the proposition that women prefer to have children well before marrying, and almost no support for the proposition that women hesitate to marry because they fear divorce.

Screening strategy for the rapid detection of in vitro generated glutathione conjugates using high-performance liquid chromatography and low-resolution mass spectrometry in combination with LightSight software for data processing.

The knowledge of drug metabolism in the early phases of the drug discovery process is vital for minimising compound failure at later stages. As chemically reactive metabolites may cause adverse drug reactions, it is generally accepted that avoiding formation of reactive metabolites increases the chances of success of a molecule. In order to generate this important information, a screening strategy for the rapid detection of in vitro generated reactive metabolites trapped by glutathione has been developed.

Health care provider evaluation of a substitutive model of hospital at home.

Objective: To evaluate Hospital at Home (HaH), a substitute for inpatient care, from the perspectives of participating providers.

Research Design: Multivariate general estimating equations regression analyses of a patient-specific survey of providers delivering HaH care in a prospective, nonrandomized clinical trial.

Subjects: Eleven physicians and 26 nurses employed in 3 Medicare-Advantage plans and 1 Veterans Administration medical center.

Comprehensive analytical strategy for biomarker identification based on liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and new candidate confirmation tools.

A comprehensive analytical LC-MS(/MS) platform for low weight biomarkers molecule in biological fluids is described. Two complementary retention mechanisms were used in HPLC by optimizing the chromatographic conditions for a reversed-phase column and a hydrophilic interaction chromatography column. LC separation was coupled to mass spectrometry by using an electrospray ionization operating in positive polarity mode.

The role of nursing home admission and dementia status on care for diabetes mellitus.

Objectives: To study the role of nursing home (NH) admission and dementia status on the provision of five procedures related to diabetes mellitus.

Design: Retrospective cohort study using data from a large prospective study in which an expert panel determined the prevalence of dementia.

Setting: Fifty-nine Maryland NHs.

The C-project: use of self-collection kits to screen for Chlamydia trachomatis in young people in a community-based health promotion project.

Background: The present study aimed to ascertain the acceptability to at-risk young people of self-collected urine samples as a means of testing for Chlamydia trachomatis (chlamydia); to determine the effectiveness of drop-off and outreach collection methods as a means of detecting and treating chlamydia; and to determine the rate of positive chlamydia tests in a sample of the target group.

Methods: Participants requested postal testing kits from the project website, the NSW Sexual Health Infoline or at an outreach event and either returned urine samples at selected drop-off locations or directly to the researchers during active outreach events.

Results: A total of 413 kits were requested - 196 (47.

Genetic microheterogeneity of emerging H275Y influenza virus A (H1N1) in Toronto, Ontario, Canada from the 2007-2008 respiratory season.

Background: The H275Y mutation (H274Y in N2 numbering) in the neuraminidase (NA) gene (segment 6) of the influenza virus A (H1N1) genome is linked to oseltamivir resistance.

Objectives: To determine the percentage of influenza virus A (H1N1) isolates that carry the H275Y mutation in the NA gene in Toronto, Ontario, Canada and to characterize select oseltamivir resistant and susceptible isolates using sequence analysis.

Study Design: Sanger sequencing was used to determine strain type and H275Y mutations based on partial sequencing of the hemagglutinin (HA) (segment 4) and NA genes.

Sustained release subcutaneous delivery of BMS-686117, a GLP-1 receptor peptide agonist, via a zinc adduct.

BMS-686117 is an 11-mer GLP-1 receptor agonist with a short intrinsic pharmacokinetic half-life (t(1/2)) of approximately 2h. In order to develop an extended release formulation for once-daily (QD) subcutaneous administration, a non-covalently bonded Zn/BMS-686117 adduct with very low aqueous solubility was prepared through mixing zinc acetate and BMS-686117 solutions, followed by filtration or spray drying. At pH 6.

Validation of the TaqMan Influenza A Detection Kit and a rapid automated total nucleic acid extraction method to detect influenza A virus in nasopharyngeal specimens.

This study describes the validation of the TaqMan Influenza A Detection Kit v2.0 combined with an automated nucleic acid extraction method. The limit of detection of this assay was determined by probit regression (95% confidence interval) to be 2 influenza A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) virus particles per microlitre.

Development of a novel real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR method for the detection of H275Y positive influenza A H1N1 isolates.

During the 2007-2008 influenza season global strain surveillance for antiviral resistance revealed the sudden emergence of oseltamivir resistance in influenza A H1N1 isolates. Although oseltamivir resistance rates vary from region to region, 16% of isolates tested globally were found to be oseltamivir resistant by a histidine to tyrosine mutation of residue 275 of the neuraminidase gene of influenza A. In order to implement effective resistance testing locally a novel real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) assay was developed for the detection of the H275Y mutation.

Effects of gender and personality on the Conners Continuous Performance Test.

A total of 91 university community participants were evaluated on the five personality factors (NEO-Five Factor Inventory; NEO-FFI) and with the Conners Continuous Performance Test (CPT). Gender differences for the Conners CPT variables were found such that the men were faster and less variable in their reaction times than the women, and the women were more sensitive in terms of signal detection and conservative in their responses than the men, consistent with the data reported by Conners, Epstein, Angold, and Klaric (2003) for a normative sample of 9-18 year olds. Interesting relationships between personality factors and the CPT variables were seen for the male and female groups, especially in terms of response style and vigilance.

Emotional recognition in depressed epilepsy patients.

The current study examined the relationship between emotional recognition and depression using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, Second Edition (MMPI-2), in a population with epilepsy. Participants were a mixture of surgical candidates in addition to those receiving neuropsychological testing as part of a comprehensive evaluation. Results suggested that patients with epilepsy reporting increased levels of depression (Scale D) performed better than those patients reporting low levels of depression on an index of simple facial recognition, and depression was associated with poor prosody discrimination.

Parotitis in a child infected with triple-reassortant influenza A virus in Canada in 2007.

Swine H3N2 influenza virus designated A/Ontario/1252/2007 was isolated from a child with parotitis. Diagnosis was confirmed by viral isolation and serological assays. A/Ontario/1252/2007 was related to H3N2 triple reassortants that emerged in swine in the United States in 1998.

Soluble forms of Toll-like receptor 4 are present in human saliva and modulate tumour necrosis factor-alpha secretion by macrophage-like cells.

In health, mucosal inflammation is prevented by tightly regulated responses via Toll-like receptors (TLR) that interact with specific microbe associated molecular patterns. Currently, 13 TLRs have been identified. Based on the specificity of ligand recognition, TLR-2 and TLR-4 can recognize most oral commensal microorganisms.

Characterization of culture-positive adenovirus serotypes from respiratory specimens in Toronto, Ontario, Canada: September 2007-June 2008.

This study describes the prevalence of culture-positive adenovirus serotypes in culture-positive respiratory specimens sent to the Central Public Health Laboratory, Toronto, Ontario, Canada for the period September 2007-June 2008. Total nucleic acid was extracted from virus cultures using an automated extraction method followed by polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing of the adenovirus hexon gene hypervariable region 7. 73% of specimens (n = 70) were from patients < or = 4 years of age.

Comparison of functional outcomes associated with hospital at home care and traditional acute hospital care.

Objectives: To compare differences in the functional outcomes experienced by patients cared for in Hospital at Home (HaH) and traditional acute hospital care.

Design: Survey questionnaire of participants in a prospective nonrandomized clinical trial.

Setting: Three Medicare managed care health systems and a Veterans Affairs Medical Center.

Somatotropic axis components and nutrient partitioning in genetically diverse dairy cows managed under different feed allowances in a pasture system.

The somatotropic axis [including growth hormone (GH), GH receptor, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I] is uncoupled in high-producing cows in early lactation so that the liver fails to respond to GH and produces less IGF-I. This uncoupling was implicated in the process of nutrient partitioning, enabling high milk production. Different genetic selection goals may affect functional components of the somatotropic axis.

Substitutive Hospital at Home for older persons: effects on costs.

Objective: To compare the cost of substitutive Hospital at Home care versus traditional inpatient care for older patients with community-acquired pneumonia, exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, exacerbation of congestive heart failure, or cellulitis.

Study Design: Prospective nonrandomized clinical trial involving 455 community-dwelling older patients in 3 Medicare managed care health systems and at a Department of Veterans Affairs medical center.

Methods: Costs were analyzed across all patients, within each of the separate health systems, and by condition.

Health of Medicare Advantage plan enrollees at 1 year after Hurricane Katrina.

Objective: To assess the effects of Hurricane Katrina on mortality, morbidity, disease prevalence, and service utilization during 1 year in a cohort of 20,612 older adults who were living in New Orleans, Louisiana, before the disaster and who were enrolled in a managed care organization (MCO).

Study Design: Observational study comparing mortality, morbidity, and service use for 1 year before and after Hurricane Katrina, augmented by a stratified random sample of 303 enrollees who participated in a telephone survey after Hurricane Katrina.

Methods: Sources of data for health and service use were MCO claims.

Differential patterns of amantadine-resistance in influenza A (H3N2) and (H1N1) isolates in Toronto, Canada.

Background: Molecular methods were used to characterize influenza A (H1N1) and (H3N2) strains and to identify amantadine-resistance.

Objectives: To compare proportions of amantadine-resistant influenza A (H1N1) and (H3N2) isolates in the Greater Toronto Area.

Study Design: Isolates of influenza A (H1N1) and (H3N2) were strain typed using molecular methods.

Use of the Seeplex RV Detection kit for surveillance of respiratory viral outbreaks in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

The Seeplex RV Detection kit was used to identify specific respiratory viruses from specimens collected during respiratory outbreaks in the Greater Toronto Area from 1 September 2007 to 1 February 2008. Two hundred-thirty-one patient samples (nasopharyngeal swabs) were collected from 63 respiratory outbreaks. The distribution of outbreaks characterized by molecular means was: 30% (n=19) no identification; 52.